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A brief revision on basics of Grammar

A brief revision on basics of Grammar. To: Conrad From: Angela. Nouns. Words that name : (a) People eg . Friends, Conrad (b) Places eg . Hall, canteen (c) Things eg . Tables, cakes, fishes (d) Events eg . Meeting, discussion (e) Ideas eg . Experiences. Nouns. They can also take:

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A brief revision on basics of Grammar

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  1. A brief revision on basics of Grammar To: Conrad From: Angela

  2. Nouns • Words that name: (a) People eg. Friends, Conrad (b) Places eg. Hall, canteen (c) Things eg. Tables, cakes, fishes (d) Events eg. Meeting, discussion (e) Ideas eg. Experiences

  3. Nouns • They can also take: • –tion eg. Celebrate + -tion = celebration (Noun) (b) -ity eg. Electric + -ity= Electricity (Noun) (c) -ing eg. Read + -ing= Reading (Noun/verb) 1. Reading is my hobby. (Reading = Noun) 2. I was reading in the library (Reading = Verb)

  4. Verbs • Words that tells us: • Action verbs = Run, jump, play, grow • Mental verbs = Imagine, feel, know • Sensing verbs (5 senses) = Hear, feel, touch • Saying Verbs = Shout, scream, promise, yell • Linking verbs (they are like equal signs) = is, become eg. She is pretty  She = pretty

  5. Verbs • They can take: • No suffix (base form): Run, Swim, Teach • -ing(Continuous): Running, Swimming, Teaching • -ed(past tense): Ran, Swam, Taught • -s (singular/present tense): Runs, Swims, Teaches • -ed/en (past participle): Had taken, had eaten, had given

  6. Adjectives • Words that describes NOUNS • Therefore they describe people, places, things, ideas Eg. ‘Spongebob’ is an interesting cartoon Why? Because ‘interesting’ describes ‘cartoon’ to us telling us more about ‘cartoon’. If ‘cartoon’ is a noun, and ‘interesting’ tells us about it, ‘interesting’ must have been an adjective, since an adjective describes a noun Noun Adjective

  7. Adjectives • One way to test if a word is an adjective: The “very” test: 1. Add ‘Very’ to the front of the word Eg. A pretty girl  A VERY pretty girl 2. If the word can be put together with “very” It is an ADJECTIVE 4. IF it cannot be put with ‘very’, it is a VERB Eg. She ran quickly  She VERY ran quickly

  8. Pronouns • Words that replace nouns • They are like general terms used to refer to nouns • Eg. She, He, It, They, We, Them, Us • They are used to help reduce repeats and make GOOD sentences. Sally loves to cook. Sallycooks three times a week Sally loves to cook. SHE cooks three times a week

  9. Common rules to know! After ‘to’, NO suffixes (–ing, -ed, -s etc.) can be added to the following verb Conrad loves to play basketball Conrad loves to playing basketball

  10. Common rules to know! • Singular verbs are only used with singular subjects Eg. Sallyisa pet lover • Plural verbs are only used with plural subjects Eg. Theyaregoing to East Coast Park Read carefully before answering grammar questions!!

  11. Common rules to know! • Before answering the questions, check if it is in the past or present tense Eg. She _______ a movie yesterday when I called her. • Was watching • Is watching • Was watched • Has been watched The answer is (a). ‘Yesterday’ tells us it is a PAST event, thus past Tense. ‘When’ gives me a clue that the verb I should choose has -ing because it describes a continuous action. Then I ask myself, Who is doing the ‘watching’ action (Subject)? ‘She’ is, thus the subject. So the answer cannot be C or D because they describe Objects. For example, She ‘was watched by…’ This tells us that someone else is doing the watching, not ‘she’.

  12. Common rules to know! • Not all verbs take –ed when in their past tense form • They are called IRREGULAR VERBS Eg. Run  Ran (Not Runned) Eg. Drink  Drank (Not Drinked) Eg. Swim  Swam (Not Swimmed) Eg. Sing  Sang (Not Singed) Eg. Fly  Flew (Not Flyed)

  13. Common rules to know! • After can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, must • The following VERBmust NOT take suffixes • This is the same rule as the ‘to’ rule You should wash the dishes after every meal You should washing the dishes after every meal Conrad will score well for his English exam Conrad will scored well for his English exam

  14. Common rules to know! • The ‘BE’ Verb rules • ‘BE’ verbs = is, are, was, were, be, been, being • After ‘BE’ verbs, the following VERBS can take: (a) –edor –en eg. Was taken, were given, being eaten (b) –ing eg. are taking, is going, were eating

  15. Common rules to know! • Perfective ‘Have’ rules • Perfective ‘Have’ = Have, has, had • After Perfective ‘Have’, the following VERBStake –edor –en suffix eg. Have eaten, had grown, has seen eg. Spongbob’s pants has ripped -en suffix -ed suffix

  16. Common rules to know! • Sometimes, a ‘BE’ verb can come after the perfective ‘Have’ • Then, the verb AFTER the ‘BE’ verb can follow the ‘BE’ verb rules (-ing or –ed/-en) HAVE BEEN SLEEPING (Perfective ‘have’) (‘BE’ verb) (Verb + -ing) HAS BEEN ROBBED (Perfective ‘have’) (‘BE’ verb) (Verb + -ed)

  17. THE END

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