Grammar Revision

1. Grammar Revision Attributive Clause

2. 定 义 修饰 名词 或 代词 的句子。 分 类 限制性和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺的定语否则意义不完整甚至不知所云； 非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开，只起补充说明的作用。 先行词 从句所修饰的名词或代词 引导词 关系代词和关系副词两种。

3. 关系代词的用法 who: 指人，在从句中作主语。 whom:指人，在从句中作宾语或表语。 whose:指人或物，在从句中作定语。 that: 指人或物，在从句中作主，宾，表语。 which: 指物，在从句中作主语,宾语或表语。 as: 指人或物，在从句中作主,宾或表语。 在限制性定语从句中关系代词作宾语和表语时可以省略，但在非限制性定语从句中不可省略。

4. who that (whom) (who) • There is the driver overtook us five minutes ago. • Where is the man I saw this morning? • Is that the man you handed your application • form? • you gave your tickets to? • That is the boy father is an astronaut. (that) to whom (whom) (who) (that) whose

5. which that (which) • There is the car overtook us five minutes ago. • Where is the book I bought this morning? • Is that the address you sent the telegram? • you sent the telegram to? • He mentioned a book • has slipped my memory. • I can’t remember now. (that) to which (which) (that) whose title the title of which of which the title

6. Exercises who • The driver, was very young, had only got his license. • The driver, I had never seen before, insisted that he knew me. Sergeant Brown, I showed my license, • I showed my license , was very polite. The injured pedestrian, leg had been broken,was carried away on a stretcher. who(m) to whom who(m) to whose

7. which which • They soon repaired the car, had been damaged. • The front bumper, the other car had twisted a little, was soon put straight. • Martin’s garage, the car had been taken, • the car had been taken , • was not far away. • This book, author • the author • the author • is a woman of eighty, is very amusing. to which to which whose of which of which

8. 用that不用which的情况 1. 先行词本身是one, much, few, little, sth, nth, eth, ath不定代词时. 2.先行词有人又有物时。 3.先行词被few, many, much, little所修饰时。 4.先行词被序数词, 形容词最高级所修饰时。 5.先行词被the very, the only, the same, the next所修饰时。 6. 主句是由which (who)引导的疑问句.

9. that (that) • All Everything remains that Anything you see here can be divided between you. first • Which was the fastest steamship next crossed the Atlantic? Which is the car overtook us？ that that

10. which I think is • 98.He made another wonderful discovery, _______________of great importance to science. • A. which I think is • B. which I think it is • C. which I think it • D. I think which is • 99._______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. • A. It B. As C. That D. What As

11. who • 2002春. The famous basketball star, _____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. • A. where B. when C.which D. who • 2000Sh春. The gentleman _____ • you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. • A. who B. about whom • C. whom D. with whom about whom

12. the price of which • 2000上海. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _____ was very reasonable. • A. which price • B. the price of which • C. its price • D. the price of whose

13. 用which不用that的情况 1. 引导非限定性定语从句。 The project, which lasted four years, cost US$1 million. I said nothing, which made him angry. 2. 引导词前面有介词时。 The house, in front ofwhich stands a tall tree, belongs to my friend. 3. That本身为先行词。 That which you borrowed from me was not made of diamond.

14. 关系副词的用法 I still remember the day whenI first came to this school. The time whenwe got together finally arrived.

15. 关系副词的用法 1.when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语。 2.where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。 3.why 指原因，在从句中作原因状语。 但是先行词为时间地点和原因名词 时，引导词如果不是在从句中作时间，地点和原因状语，而是作名词 性成分则用关系代词。

16. October 1, 1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded. Do you remember the years whenhe lived in the countryside with his grandparents.

17. Shanghai is the city whereI was born. The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. I visited the farm wherea lot of cows were raised .

18. Is this the place wherethey fought the enemy? Please tell me the reason whyyou missed the plane. The reason whyhe was punished is unknown to us.

19. I don’t know the reason whyhe looks unhappy today. 注意：关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。 From the years when / in whichhe was going to primary school in the country he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.

20. Great changes are taking place in the city where / in whichthey live. The reason why / for whichhe refused the invitation is quite clear.

21. （二）关系代词as和which引导的定语从句 as 和which引导非限制性定语从句时， 其用法有相同之处，也有不同之处。具体情况是 1. as 和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或宾语，代表前面整个句子。

22. 2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句之前、主句之后，甚至还可以分割主句。 which引导的非限制性定语从句只可放在主句之后。另外，as 常常有“正如、正像”的含义。 As is known to all, China is a developing country.

23. 注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如：注意：当主句和从句之间存在着逻辑上的因果关系时，关系词往往只用which。如： Tom was late for school again and again, whichmade his teacher very angry. These tables are made of metal, whichmade them very heavy.

24. (三)以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。 The way (that / in which )he answered the questions was surprising.

25. I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. （四）关系代词与关系副词的选择 用关系代词还是关系副词引导定语从句主要看关系词在定语从句中的作用（即所担当的成分）.

26. Compare : A. I know a place wherewe can have a picnic. I know a place which / thatis famous for its beautiful natural scenery.

27. B. I will never forget the days whenwe spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days that / whichwe spent together.

28. C. This is the reason whyhe was dismissed. This is the reason that / whichhe explained to me for his not attending the meeting.

29. 1. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, _____ made the others unhappy. A. which B. who C. this D. what

30. 2. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _______ he grew up as a child. A. which B. when C. that D. where

31. 3. The gentleman _______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom C. whom D. with whom

32. 4. Please take any seat ____ is free. A. which B. where C. in which D. that

33. 5. The old man has two sons, _______ is a soldier. A. one of whom B. both of them C. all of whom D. none of them

34. 6. This is the ship _______ we crossed the Pacific(太平洋). A. by which B. by that C. where D. in which

35. 7. New York is famous for its sky-scrapers(摩天大楼)_____ has more than 100 storeys. A. the higher of them B. the highest of which C. the highest of them D. some of which

36. 8. My home village is no longer the same _____ it used to be. A. which B. as C. where D. when

37. 9. In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., ______ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. at which D. by which time

38. 10. The boy ______composition won the first prize is the youngest in the group. A. who B. whose C. that D. which

39. 11. The weather turned out to be very good, ______ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it

40. 12. Mr. Wang is a boss, ______ factory Li Ping worked. A. in whose B. whose C. in whom D. of which

41. 13. I don't like the way_____ you speak to her. A. / B. that C. in which D. All A, B, and C

42. 14. I shall never forget the years _______ I lived in the country with the farmers, —————— has a good effect on my life. A. that, which B. when, which C. which, that D. when, who

43. 15. _____ is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’ time. A. What B. That C. As D. It

44. 16. Is this book _____ you want to borrow from the library? A. that B. which C. the one D. /

45. 17. Such a book ______ you showed me is difficult to understand. A. that B. which C. as D. like

46. 18. The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _____ were popular then. A. / B. that C. which D. who

47. 19. This is the store ______ we visited ( the famous shop assistants). A. where B. there C. that D. which

48. 20. I’m going to spend my holiday in Beijing, ____ live my old parents. A. which B. that C. where D. there

49. 21. If a shop has chairs ______ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where

50. 22.—why does she always ask you for help? —There is no one else ______, is there? A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn