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Respiratory System

Respiratory System. Sarah Carrigan, Matt DiBiase, Riley Jacobs, and Amanda Kim. Respiratory System: General Facts. Respiratory system can been seen in two zones: conducting zone and respiratory zone:   conducting: airways through which air travels

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System Sarah Carrigan, Matt DiBiase, Riley Jacobs, and Amanda Kim

  2. Respiratory System: General Facts • Respiratory system can been seen in two zones: conducting zone and respiratory zone:   • conducting: airways through which air travels • consists of the trachea, bronchi, and the parts of the lungs • respiratory: oxygen and carbon dioxide transported into and out of the bloodstream via alveoli and capillaries7 7)Rosenberger, Erich. "Structure and Function of Lungs."Sciences: Medical Science. Helium, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. < http://www.helium.com/items/1270853-structure-and-function-of-the-lungs>.

  3. How Does the Air Get Into the Lungs? - First, the diaphragm contracts and expands the chest chavity for breathing -the external intercostal muscles also contract, and lift the ribs out1 -As air enters the body, it is filtered by cilia2 -The cilia in the nasal and oral pharynxes, and in the trachea, trap the particles in mucus, preventing them from entering the lungs2 -The body also serves as a mechanism to warm and humidify the air2 1) "Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.merck.com/mmhe/ 2)"The Respiratory System." The Respiratory System. THink Quest: Education Foundation, n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Respiratory_page.L.html>.

  4. Pathway of the Air -nostrils / mouth -nasal pharynx -oral pharynx -epiglottis -glottis -trachea -bronchi -bronchioles -alveoli4 3)" Anatomy of Your Child’s Respiratory System | HealthSheets | Wellness Library | Mount Nittany Medical Center ." Mount Nittany Medical Center . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.mountnittany.org/wellness-library/healthsheets/documents?ID=322>. 4)"Respiratory System." RCN D.C. Metro | High-Speed Internet, Digital Cable TV & Phone Service Provider. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://users.rcn.com/jkimball. 3

  5. What is the Role of the Diaphragm? 5) " YouTube - 3D view of diaphragm ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY>. 5

  6.    What is the Role of the Diaphragm? -The diaphragm is a dome-shaped sheet of muscle - It separates the chest cavity from the abdomen -When the diaphragm contracts (inspiration) it expands the lungs by expanding the chest cavity, creating a vacuum that pulls air into the lungs -The intercostal muscles help to move the ribs -When the diaphragm relaxes, the chest cavity becomes smaller, air is forced out, and the person exhales (expiration)6 6)" Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch038/ch038e.html>. 11)"Voice lessons | How to sing in tune | Sing better | Singing lessons." How to sing in tune | Sing better | Singing lessons | Voice lessons. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://www.singintune.org/voice-production.html>.

  7. Main structures of the lungs involved in getting oxygen to the rest of the body: • Trachea - thick cartiledge tube that transports air to the bronchi  • Bronchi: made of cartiledge • Bronchi branch into thousands of smaller, thinner tubes called bronchioles • Alveoli: small air sacs that terminate the bronchioles, and allow for gas exchange  • capillaries: very small blood vessels, allow for gas exchange with alveolar sac  • pulmonary artery: delivers deoxygenated blood from the heart to alveoli   • pulmonary vein: brings oxygen-rich blood to the heart where it is pumped to other areas of body8 8)"Respiratory system function."National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_respsys.html>.

  8. Alveoli Structure -The alveoli are cupped sheets of epithelial cells with a basement membrane at its outer surface -Each alveoli is surrounded by tiny blood vessels called capillaries- connect to a network of arteries and veins that move blood through your body10 -2 types of alveolar epithelial cells: -Long cytoplasmic extension cells: spread out thinly along the alveolar walls -Compact cells: responsible for producing surfactant, a phospholipid which lines the alveoli and reduces surface tension at different volumes/ stability9 -The alveolar epithelium, capillary endothelium, and their respective basement membranes, make a thin respiratory membrane -There are more than 300 million alveoli in two adult lungs providing a surface area of about 160 m2 9)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.  <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>.  10)" Exchanging Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ." Merck & Co., Inc. - We believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch038/ch038d.html>.

  9. Specific Function of Alveoli • deoxygenated blood is delivered by the pulmonary artery to alveoli to become oxygenated  • during exhalation: carbon dioxide is diffuses from the blood stream into the alveolar air sac • CO2, once diffused back into air sacs, exit the body through exhalation10 • with higher concentration of CO2 in the blood stream, the concentration gradient is directed outwards from the  blood into air sac • With inhalations oxygen passively diffuses from the air sac across the alveolar membrane.  • WIth higher concentration of oxygen in air sac, concentration gradient is directed inwards    towards the blood stream  • once in the blood stream, oxygen-rich blood      then travels to the heart through the pulmonary vein and is pumped to other areas of body  10)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_ circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>.

  10. REFERENCES 1) "Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.merck.com/mmhe/ 2)"The Respiratory System." The Respiratory System. THink Quest: Education Foundation, n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <library.thinkquest.org/2935/Natures_Best/Nat_Best_Low_Level/Respiratory_page.L.html>. 3)" Anatomy of Your Child’s Respiratory System | HealthSheets | Wellness Library | Mount Nittany Medical Center ." Mount Nittany Medical Center . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.mountnittany.org/wellness-library/healthsheets/documents?ID=322>. 4)"Respiratory System." RCN D.C. Metro | High-Speed Internet, Digital Cable TV & Phone Service Provider. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://users.rcn.com/jkimball. 5)" YouTube - 3D view of diaphragm ." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. . N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hp-gCvW8PRY>. 6)" Control of Breathing: Biology of the Lungs and Airways: Merck Manual Home Edition ."Merck & Co., Inc. - We believe the most important condition is the human one.. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec04/ch038/ch038e.html>. 7)Rosenberger, Erich. "Structure and Function of Lungs."Sciences: Medical Science. Helium, n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2009. < http://www.helium.com/items/1270853-structure-and-function-of-the-lungs>. 8)"Respiratory system function."National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_respsys.html>. 9)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010.  <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>. 10)"Structure and function of the alveoli." Curoservice: The Neonatology Specialist Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 9 Nov. 2010. <http://www.curoservice.com/parents_visitors/lungs_ circulation/structure_alveoli.asp>. 11)"Voice lessons | How to sing in tune | Sing better | Singing lessons." How to sing in tune | Sing better | Singing lessons | Voice lessons. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Nov. 2010. <http://www.singintune.org/voice-production.html>.

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