TECHNOLOGY IN ELT

1. TECHNOLOGY IN ELT COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

2. COMPONENTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

3. An information system has five parts : 1. People • The most important part as they make end-users more productive.

4. An information system has five parts : 2. Procedures • Refer to rules or guidelines people follow when using software, hardware and data. • Documented in manuals written by computer specialists. • Provided by software/hardware manufacturers of the product.

5. An information system has five parts : 3. Software • Computer software is the term for programmes or sets of computer instructions. • Written in special computer language that enable a computer to accomplish a given task. • It consists of step-by-step instructions, which the computer can use to convert data into information.

6. An information system has five parts : 4. Hardware • Computer components that are physical, touchable pieces or equipment. • It consists of the system unit, input/output, secondary storage and communication devices. • 4 types of computers : 1. Supercomputers – the most powerful type of computers. 2. Mainframe – occupy specially wired, air-conditioned rooms. 3. Minicomputers – desk-sized machines used for specific purposes. 4. Microcomputers – include the desktop, notebook and personal digital assistant.

7. SUPERCOMPUTER

8. MAINFRAME

9. MINICOMPUTER

10. MICROCOMPUTER

11. An information system has five parts : 5. Data • Raw, unprocessed facts including text, numbers, images and sounds. • Data describes something that is stored electronically in a file. • Examples : • Document files created by word processors • Worksheet files crated by spreadsheets • Database file created by database management programmes • Presentation files created by presentation graphics programmes

12. COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM • A computer system has three main components : • Hardware • Software • Warmware • A computer system performs 4 important tasks (Sharp, 2005:35) • Receiving input : figures, facts or sets of instructions • Storing information : place in memories • Processing the data : act on the information • Outputing the information : process and generate results

13. TASK OF COMPUTER SYSTEM CPU INPUT OUTPUT STORAGE

14. 4 MAIN ASPECTS OF DATA HANDLING 1. Input devices - accept data or commands in a form that the computer can use: they send the data or commands to the processing unit. 2. The Processor - known as CPU, has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into information that people require. The CPU execute computer instructions. 3. Output Devices - display the people the processed data; information in understandable and usable form 4. Storage - means secondary storage; consists of secondary storage devices such as hard disk, diskettes, pendrives. - can store data and programmes outside the computer itself. - these devices supplement memory or primary storage, can hold data or programmes temporarily.

15. 1. What is Input? Input refers to any data or instructions that are used by a computer. All computer processing requires data. Whenever you use computer or application software, you are providing input. You typically use a keyboard to type text and a mouse to issue commands.

16. Input Devices • Keyboard • Mouse • Joystick • Touch Screen • Light Pen • Scanner • Bar code readers • Digital cameras • Video cameras • Graphic tablets • Voice recognition systems

17. 2. What is Process? The computer manipulates the data to create information. Information refers to data processed into a form that has meaning and is useful.

18. Processing Devices/System Units • Mother board/System • CPU/Microprocessor • Memory – RAM, ROM • Expansion Slots and Cards • System Clock • Bus Lines • Ports and Cables

19. What is Output? Is a processed data or information. Output devices provide output to people by translating what the computer has processed into a form that people can understand and use.

20. Output Devices • Monitor – CRT, LCD • LCD projector • Video scan converter • Printer

21. 4. What is Storage? Information can be stored in a computer for future use. All computers have a hard disk drive to store programmes and data.

22. Storage Devices • Hard Disk • Removable Disks • Floppy Drive • CD-ROM, R, RW • DVD-ROM, R, RW • Pen Drive, Thumb Drive, Zip Drive • External Hard Disk

23. TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING!

24. Visualize these components and draw them! • Keyboard • Mouse • Monitor • Speaker • Webcam • Printer • CPU • Mother board • Slot Card • RAM • USB port • PS2 port • Parallel port • Serial port • Floppy Drive

25. COUNT! • 1B =_______ BITS • 1KB = _______ B • 1MB = _______ KB • 1GB = _______ MB • 1TB = _______ GB • 700MB = _____ GB • 128MG = _____ KB • 512MG = _____ GB • 16GB = _____ MB • 256KB = _____ MG • Binary system works on ____ digits, i.e. _____ and ______. • Frequency wave is based on ______ and ______. • Draw them.

26. APPLICATION SOFTWARE

27. 2 CATEGORIES 1. General-purpose - also known as basic applications - includes browsers, word processors, spreadsheets, database management systems and presentation graphics. 2. Special-purpose - also known as advanced applications, include multimedia, web authoring, graphics, virtual reality, artificial intelligence

28. 4 general-purpose software • Word processors • Spreadsheets • Database Management Systems • Presentation Graphics