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Exploring Rockets and Missiles for Space Exploration

Learn about various rocket propulsion types, launch vehicles, missiles, and space launch vehicles from renowned rocketry expert Scott Schoneman. Get insights into design details, payloads, dimensions, and capabilities of different rocket systems.

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Exploring Rockets and Missiles for Space Exploration

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  1. Rocket Power – Part 2 Introduction to Rockets and Missiles Scott Schoneman 4 Nov 03

  2. Agenda • What is a rocket? • Definitions and Equations • Types of Rocket Propulsion • Launch Vehicles and Missiles

  3. Launch Vehicles vs. Missiles • Launch Vehicle: Carries a Payload (Suborbital or Orbital) • Missile: Carries a Warhead and is Used as a Weapon (Suborbital and/or Aerodynamic) Space Launch Vehicle (Sea Launch) Missile (Standard Missile)

  4. Stinger Shoulder-Launched Missile • Designation: FIM-92A (Raytheon) • Length - 5 feet (1.5 meters) • Diameter - 2.75 inches (7 cm) • Weight - 22 pounds (10 kg) • Weight with launcher - 34.5 pounds (15.2 kg) • Explosives - 2.2 pounds, impact fuze • Speed - 1,500 mph (2,400 kph, Mach 2) • Altitude Range - Approximately 11,000 feet (3 km) • Distance Range - Approximately 5 miles (8 km)

  5. A Couple of Air Launched Missiles…. AMRAAM AIM-9X

  6. A Few Space Launch Vehicles

  7. Pegasus Space Launch Vehicle • Manufacturer: Orbital Sciences Corp • Air-Launched from L-1011 at 40,000 ft • ~1000 lbm to Low Earth Orbit (LEO) (100 nm)

  8. Pegasus Launch Vehicle

  9. Sea Launch Space Launch Vehicle • Partners: Boeing; RSC Energia; SDO Yuzhnoye/PO Yuzhmash; Kvaerner • Uses Russian Zenit Launch Vehicle • All Stages Kerosene/LOX • 200 ft tall x 14 ft Dia. • 6,000kg (13,227 lb) to GTO

  10. Delta Launch Vehicles • Manufacturer: Boeing • Delta II - 891 to 2,142 kg (1,965 to 4,723 lb) GTO and from 2.7 to 6.0 metric tons (5,934 to 13,281 lb) to low-Earth orbit (LEO). • Delta III - 3,810 kg (8,400 lb) to GTO (Approx 2x Delta II) • Delta IV (EELV) • Medium: 4,210 kg (9,285 lb) to GTO • Heavy: 13,130 kg (28,950 lb) to GTO

  11. Atlas Space Launch Vehicles • Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin • Atlas II - payloads mass from 6,200 lb (2,812 kg) to 8,200 lb (3,719 kg) to geosynchronous transfer orbit (GTO). • Atlas III - payloads up to 9,920 lb (4,500 kg) to GTO. • EELV Atlas V family is capable of lifting payloads up to 19,114 lb (8,670 kg) to GTO.

  12. Titan Launch Vehicles • Manufacturer: Lockheed Martin • Titan II: Up to 4,200 lb (1909 kg) into polar low-Earth orbit • Titan II w/ GEM Strap-Ons: Up to 7,800 lb (3545.5 kg) to polar low-Earth orbit • Titan IV: >47,800 lb into LEO or > 12,700 lb into geosynchronous orbit

  13. Ariane Space Launch Vehicles • Manufacturer: Arianespace (European Consortium) • Ariane 5: 10,000 kg (22,000 lbm) to GTO • Launch Site: French Guiana

  14. Soyuz Launch Vehicle

  15. Black Arrow • Propulsion: • Stages 1 & 2: Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)/ Kerosene • Stage 3: Solid • First (and Only) British Space Launch Vehicle • Launched “Prospero” Satellite in 1971

  16. Transfer Orbit Stage (TOS) • Manufacturer: Orbital • Used to Raise Spacecraft from Shuttle Orbit to Higher Orbits (or Escape Velocity)

  17. Orbital Launch Vehicle Family 100 ft Suborbital and Target Vehicles InterceptorVehicles Space LaunchVehicles 80 60 Length(Feet) 40 20 0 Short-RangeTargetVehicle Medium-RangeTargetVehicle Long-RangeTargetVehicle Missile DefenseInterceptorBoost Vehicle Pegasus SpaceLaunch Vehicle Minotaur SpaceLaunch Vehicle Taurus SpaceLaunch Vehicle

  18. Minotaur Space Launch Vehicle • Upper Stack Assembly (USA) • 50 In. Pegasus Payload Fairing • OSP-Standard Avionics • Inertial Guidance • Modular Avionics Components • Pegasus Avionics Structure and RCS • Orion-38 Insertion Stage 4 • Orion-50XL Stage 3 • Interstage • Lower Stack Assembly (LSA) • Minuteman II Boosters: Stages 1 & 2 • Solid Rocket Motors • Unmodified, GFE Systems

  19. Minotaur Stacking Flow

  20. Minotaur Mission Profile

  21. Photo by Brian Web Inaugural Minotaur Launch JAWSAT Mission - 26 Jan 2000

  22. References • Books: • Rocket Propulsion Elements, G. Sutton • Rockets of the World, Peter Always, Saturn Press • Web Sites: • http://www.astronautix.com (Encyclopedia Astronautica) • http://www-tradoc.army.mil/dcscd/spaceweb/chap6im.htm (Principles of Rocket Propulsion) • Launch Vehicles Companies: • Boeing: http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/space/bls/flash.html • Sea Launch: http://www.sea-launch.com • Lockheed Martin: http://www.ast.lmco.com/launch.shtml • Arianespace: http://www.arianespace.com • Orbital Sciences: http://www.orbital.com • SpaceX: http://www.spacex.com

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