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The Roots

PROGRESSIVISM. The Roots. The Progressive Era: 1890-1920. What is it? The period after the Reconstruction Period which brought about reforms to society because of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Where to start? Begin with reforming the government with all of its corruption.

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The Roots

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  1. PROGRESSIVISM The Roots

  2. The Progressive Era: 1890-1920 What is it? The period after the Reconstruction Period which brought about reforms to society because of rapid industrialization and urbanization. Where to start? Begin with reforming the government with all of its corruption. How to do it? Progressives believed that society could be reformed because of their strong faith in science and technology.

  3. Important people during the Progressive Era? The Muckrakers

  4. Muckrakers were journalists who investigated and exposed the social conditions and political corruption of the time. Ida Tarbell – took on Standard Oil Company

  5. Upton Sinclair– took on the beef industry

  6. Graham Philips – political corruption

  7. Lincoln Steffins – the corruption of Tammany Hall and the political machines.

  8. Jacob Riis – the impact of alcoholism on the poor immigrants and their families of the big cities.

  9. Progressives: More Efficient Government How to reform government? Using the three principles of scientific management. • Better Time Management • Breaking large tasks down into smaller tasks. • Using standardized tools. Galveston, Texas was the first town to use these principles after a devastating hurricane that virtually destroyed the city (1900).

  10. The Commission Plan: Divide the city government into departments.

  11. Democracy and Progressivism: Key person – Robert La Follette • More power to the people: • Direct Primary • Initiative • Referendum • Recall

  12. The 17th Amendment to the Constitution: According to the Constitution, each state was to appoint two senators. It usually done by influential people using the spoils system. Congress voted in 1912 to change the process and passed legislation that the voters from each state were to directly elect the two senators. This law became the 17th amendment to the U S Constitution in 1913.

  13. Progressives and Woman’s Suffrage:

  14. Began with the Senaca Falls Convention in 1848. “All men and women are created equal…” ~ Elizabeth Cady Stanton

  15. Other key women: Susan B. Anthony Alice Paul

  16. Eventually the movement broke into two groups: NAWSA – National American Women Suffrage Association AWSA - American Woman Suffrage Association Wyoming (1869) – the first state to allow women to vote. By 1900, four states allowed women to vote – Wyoming, Utah, Idaho, and Colorado.

  17. By 1912, Washington, Oregon, California, Arizona, and Kansas also allowed women to vote. Huge push to make it nationwide. Women used all kinds of tactics to get the attention of people to their cause.

  18. 19th Amendment to the Constitution: August 26, 1920 --- the amendment is ratified. Women finally gain the right to vote.

  19. Social Welfare Progressivism: • Campaign against Child Labor – • In 1900 there were 1.7 million children under 16 working. • John Spargo (muckraker) wrote The Bitter Cry of the Children in 1906. • Laws passed to regulate child labor. • Minimum wage laws. • Compulsory education. Impact on the family – more women in the workplace.

  20. Health and Safety Codes: • Triangle Shirtwaist factory fire – 1911 • Doors and windows barred or locked. • 150 women killed. • Outrage among the community. • Impact: • Stricter building codes. • Workers Compensation laws • Zoning laws – community / residential

  21. The Prohibition Movement: AKA - the Temperance Movement. The Women’s Christian Temperance Movement was formed in 1874. They believed that alcohol was the cause of many of the social ills that were plaguing the USA. • It hurt the family, destroying many families. • It hurt business productivity.

  22. Solution (according to the WCTM): Prohibit the manufacturing, sale, and consumption of alcohol. Support increases throughout the nation. The Prohibition Movement would press for a Constitutional Amendment.

  23. Progressives vs. BIG Business: • Problem: • Wealth in the hands of a few rich. • Big trusts and Holding companies have too much power. • Solution: • The Interstate Commerce Act 1887 • The Sherman anti-Trust Act 1890

  24. Socialism on the Rise: What is Socialism? The belief that business should be publicly owned and run by the government. It is one step above communism. Support for socialism grows across the nation? Why do you think people supported socialism during the progressive era? Eugene Debs – leader of the movement

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