Rise and Fall of Napoleon

1. Rise and Fall of Napoleon

2. All these quotes are from the same person. What do they tell you about him? Make a list. • “Power is my mistress. I have worked too hard at her conquest to allow anyone to take her away from me.” • “There are but two powers in the world, the sword and the mind. In the long run the sword is always beaten by the mind." • “Impossible is a word to be found only in the dictionary of fools.” • "He that makes war without many mistakes has not made war very long." • “Death is nothing, but to live defeated and inglorious is to die daily.” • “Ten people who speak make more noise than ten thousand who are silent.” • “History is the version of past events that people have decided to agree upon”. • “I know when it is necessary, how to leave the skin of lion to take one of fox.” • “A man will fight harder for his interests than for his rights.” • “A throne is only a bench covered with velvet.” • “Religion is what keeps the poor from murdering the rich.”

3. The Rise and Fall of Napoleon’s Empire How does this Picture reflect the information you gathered from the quotes?

4. How about these two Pictures?

5. Church Representatives Empress Josephine

6. For Each Slide…. • For each slide, add information to your chart. Make sure you put things in the correct category! • As you go put a P next to things that are Political, an S next to things that are Social and an E next to things that are Economic. • Don’t do the Questions yet!

7. Napoleon was born here, on the Island of Corsica

8. 1769 – Born on Corsica Military school in France on Scholarship Saved National Convention, by firing shot at a mob come to get them Directory sent him into Italy- Success! Egypt- while there he practices administration, but loses to Nelson Returns to France as the Hero of Egypt (the news he lost is slower to arrive.) 1799 – dissolved Directory, seized power with friends Sieyes and Ducos and they three become consuls to run the government Later, even more popular, he declares himself the one leader of France He takes on the Powers of a Dictator I. Napoleon Seizes Power

9. II. Napoleon Rules France • Plebiscite (public vote) approved new constitution – Napoleon stronger • He repair the economy – fixed tax collection, established a national bank, fired the corrupt • Lycees – started government run public schools, rewards based on merit • Concordat – repairs the relationship with Church, He will claim influence but no control • Establishes the Napoleonic Code – A system of laws that were uniform but eliminated individual rights, and restored slavery in Caribbean

10. III. Napoleon Creates an Empire • 1804 – crowned himself Emperor • Wanted territory in New World, couldn’t overcome slave armies in Haiti and sold the Louisiana Purchase to the USA • Wanted to expand in Europe, other nations attacked & were defeated, signed peace treaties • Austerlitz is his finest battle. He crushes the Russians and Austrians both • Battle of Trafalgar – England’s Nelson destroyed the French fleet, Napoleon wouldn’t be able to invade Britain • Most of continental Europe in his control by 1812

11. Army vs. Navy Nelson Rules the Seas Nelson Napleon Rules the Land

12. Battles of Napoleon

13. The Greatest Extent of Napoleon’s Empire!

14. Continental System – blockade against Great Britain, destroy economy, make continental Europe more self-sufficient, Britain did it better… Peninsular War – French marched into Spain, took over govt., Spanish guerrilla forces attacked, French army severely weakened Napoleon establishes his relatives as kings in the countries he conquers. These people are not competent rulers. The citizens of these countries revolt. IV. Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes

15. D) Invasion of Russia – Meant to punish Czar for selling grain to England. 1812- 600,000 + French soldiers invade Russia Russians pull back and refuse to fight, practice scorched-earth policy, and burn Moscow down. Napoleon marched back to France in winter, lost his army to the cold. 20,000 walk out… “Swallows fell from the sky like stones, frozen in flight in the bitter cold…”

16. V. Napoleon’s Downfall • Major powers attacked: England and Prussia • 1814 – Napoleon surrendered at Liepzig, exiled to island of Elba • New king unpopular, Napoleon escaped Elba, returns to France a Hero for 100 days and built a new army in 1815 • Battle of Waterloo – Napoleon defeated by combined forces of Russia, Prussia, Austria Sweden and England • St. Helena – Exiled until his death in 1821

17. Now that you have these notes… • Go back through your entries and label each event: • P for Political • S for Social • E for economic • Also, Can you identify any of Napoleon’s Actions as Reactionary, Conservative, Liberal or Radical? Explain…

18. Find two people to work with and look at the questions at the bottom of your chart paper. Can you answer them with the information in your notes and on your chart? Decide what your best answer is as a group and write that on the back of your chart paper. • What do you think was Napoleon’s legacy to France? That is, what do you think happened during his control that had a lasting effect on France? • How did Napoleon preserve the goals of the French Revolution? • What other things did Napoleon do to betray the goals of the French Revolution?

19. Abdicate- To formally relinquish/give up ruling power. • Armistice- Temporary end to hostilities and fighting by agreement between the opposing sides.

20. Artillery- A branch of an army armed with cannons. • Coup- French for “to cut”, the violent overthrow of an existing government leader by a small group.

21. Guillotine- A machine for beheading by means of a heavy blade that slides down in vertical guides.

22. Autocratic- Rule by one person with all the power • Democratic- Rule by all the people, usually by voting for a representative to rule them • Which of Napoleon’s actions were Autocratic? Which were Democratic? You may use your notes to get more ideas…. Share Out…

23. Test Review Game… • In A Vindication of the Rights of Women, this political thinker presented an argument for the education of women. She also declared that women should have the same political rights as men. A. Mary Wollstonecraft

24. This philosopher's ideas greatly influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America. He argued against the use of torture and other common abuses of justice. A. Cesar Beccaria

25. This aristocratic philosopher was devoted to the study of political liberty. In his famous book On the Spirit of the Laws, he proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of a government. A. Montesquieu

26. This philosopher strongly disagreed with other philosophers on a number of matters. For instance, although most philosophers believed that reason, science, and art improve the lives of all people, he argued that civilization corrupts people's natural goodness. A. J. J. Rousseau

27. This philosopher's masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government of France. Despite serving two prison terms and being exiled, he never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech. A. Voltaire

28. This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. He supported self-government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights (Life, Liberty and Property) of people. If government fails to protect these natural rights, he said, citizens have the right to overthrow it. A. John Locke

29. This political thinker believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. He argued, therefore, that strong governments are necessary to control human behavior. To avoid chaos, he said, people enter into a social contract. They give up their rights in exchange for law and order. A. Thomas Hobbes

30. What Order did these events occur in? the repeal of the Stamp Act the adoption of the Bill of Rights the end of the French and Indian War the calling of the Second Continental Congress A. the end of the French and Indian War the repeal of the Stamp Act the calling of the Second Continental Congress the adoption of the Bill of Rights

31. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? A. Thomas Jefferson • Who’s ideas are featured the most heavily in the Declaration of Independence? A. John Locke

32. The Bill of Rights was based on ideas by which Enlightenment Philosophers? A. Voltaire, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau.

33. What happened on July 14th? A. The Storming of the Bastille

34. Which Estate in French society most strongly embraced the ideals and principles of the Enlightenment? A. 3rd Estate

35. Which group ran the Reign of Terror? A. The Committee for Public Safety

36. Who Paid Taxes in France before the Revolution? A. 3rd Estate

37. What is a Social Contract? A. The philosophical idea that people are willing to give up some individual freedoms in the interests.