Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1

2. Section 1:The Earliest Americans I can understand how early civilizations developed in the Americas.

3. Page 6-9 Bullet Points Page 29 I can understand how early civilizations developed in the Americas. Most scientists believe that early people came to the Americas from Asia by way of a land bridge. As people learned to farm, they formed permanent settlements, The Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas built civilizations in Central America and South America. ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________

4. The First Americans • Many ideas (theories) about how people came to the Americas

5. Land-Bridge Theory • Glaciers(thick sheets of ice) cover world • Bridge of land connected Siberia to Alaska • 20-30 thousand years ago hunters go over bridge called the Bering Strait to follow their prey

8. http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=pringle-first-americans-trail-interactivehttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=pringle-first-americans-trail-interactive

9. Other Theories • Coastal-route theory: people traveled by boat down the Pacific coast • Native Americans dispute both theories • Each tribe has their own theory

11. Learning to Farm • Hunting was key to survival • Animals disappear • Had to change the way they lived • Became gatherers • Nomadic- don’t live in one place

12. Don’t search for water • Irrigation (method to water crops by channeling water from rivers or streams) • Raise animals • Produce surplus (extra) • Cities develop

13. Three Civilizations • Civilization (an advanced culture in which people have developed cities, science and industries) • Mayas • Aztecs • Incas

15. Mayas • Mexico and Central America • Large cities • Developed the arts, a government and a written language • Mayan Calendar • Decline is a mystery

20. Aztecs • Mexico City area • Tenochtitlan-capital city • Religion important • Practiced human sacrifice • Their army takes over more than ½ of Mexico • Harsh rulers

23. Incas • Largest empire not in Europe or Asia • South America • Cuzco-capital city • Road system • Builders, weavers and metalworkers

25. Section 2:Cultures of North America I can understand how geography influenced the cultures in North America.

26. Page 10-15 I can understand how geography influenced the development of cultures in North America. Bullet Points Page 29 People of North America developed varied ways of life, depending upon the environment in which they lived The mound builders were among the earliest cultures in North America The league of the Iroquois created a pact between warring nations in the Eastern Woodlands ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________

27. First Cultures of North America • Culture (ways of life) • Mississippians built first cities in North America; mound builders • Anasazi built cliff dwellings • Hohokam, highly skilled farmers

30. Ways of Life • Culture areas (regions in which groups of people have a similar way of life)

31. Meeting Basic Needs • Women=gatherers • Men=hunters • All were farmers • Farming areas had larger populations • Trade among tribes was common • Seashells and beads=money

32. Shared Beliefs • Spirits in nature and a part of their everyday lives • Storytellers-passed on history to others

33. Native Americans of North America Far North • Harsh land • Hunted from kayaks (small boats made from skins) • Didn’t farm- too cold Northwest • Permanent settlements • Lots of food • Didn’t farm • Potlatch (ceremony at which the hosts showered their guests with gifts)

34. Far West • Changing weather • Lots of food • Different types of housing • Pit houses • Cone shaped houses Southwest • Dry weather(most of the year) • Little farming • Apartment houses made of adobe (sun-dried brick)

35. Great Plains • Big farmers in some areas • Lived in earth lodges, tepees • Hunting parties to follow the bison Eastern Woodlands • Forests • Hunters, fishers, and gatherers • Algonquin • Iroquois • Clans (groups of families that were related to one another) • Sachem (tribal chief)

36. Southeast • Weather=mild • Farmers • Cherokees • Creeks

37. Section 3Trade Networks of Asia and Africa I can understand how trade linked Europe, Africa, and Asia

38. Page 16-19 I can understand how trade linked Europe, Africa, and Asia. Bullet Points Page 29 The Muslim world linked Asia to Africa and Europe through trade Various trading states emerged in both East Africa and West Africa China dominated East Asian trade along the Silk Road ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________ ________________________ _________________________ _______________________

39. The Muslim Link to Trade • Started trade routes • Linked Europe, Africa and Asia

40. Rise of Islam • Trade helped religion grow and spread • Muhammad (prophet and founder of Islam) • Taught one true God • Quran- sacred book of Islam

41. Advances in Learning • Contributions to math, medicine and astronomy • Developed algebra • Developed technology

42. East African Trade Centers • Zimbabwe connected east coast trading with the center of Africa • Taxed traders • Kilwa (trading center) in East Africa

43. West African Trade Centers • Ghana (trading center) in West Africa • Traded a lot of gold and salt • $$$ • Mali-new empire, becomes center of learning

44. The East Asian Link in Trade • China unified • Linked by highways, canals and postal system • Trade centers grew into cities in China

45. World Traders • Chinese had higher level of technology • Invented printing with movable type • Navigators- Navigation (the science of locating the position and plotting the course of ships) • Invented the magnetic compass

46. Spice Trade and the Silk Road • Silk Road= great trade route of the ancient times • Series of roads • Brought trade in from the Middle East and Europe

50. Section 4The European Heritage I can understand the major influences that shaped European civilization.