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The Rise of Ayudhya

The Rise of Ayudhya. King Uthong(1314-1369) Ramathibodi I Founded Ayudhya in 1351 Decline of two existing states: Sukhothai and Angkor. Politics of succession=New pattern of the struggle for power, institutionalized, family claim. 2 families, Uthong and Suphanburi monopolized from 1351-1569. 1.

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The Rise of Ayudhya

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  1. The Rise of Ayudhya • King Uthong(1314-1369) Ramathibodi I Founded Ayudhya in 1351 • Decline of two existing states: Sukhothai and Angkor. • Politics of succession=New pattern of the struggle for power, institutionalized, family claim. 2 families, Uthong and Suphanburi monopolized from 1351-1569.1

  2. The Rule of law • Thammasat law from Hindu’s Dhammasastra • Law on Evidence, Offenses against gov’t and people, Receiving Plaints, Abduction,Robbery, Husband&Wife, Slave • Supreme, unchangeable • King’s laws, palatine law, kings can revised, modified,i.e. execution of royalty • Court system--within each department, based on personal relation, open for abuses

  3. Uthong family- 1:Uthong(r 1350-69) 2:Ramesuan, son,69-70 5:Ramesuan,2nd, 88-95 6:Ramracha, son, 1395-1409 Suphanburi family- 3:Boromracha I, in-law, r 1370-88 4:Thonglan,son,r 88-88 7: Intharacha, nephew of 3, r. 1409-24 8: Boromracha II, son of 7, r 1424-48 9: Trailok, son of 8,48-88 Politics of succession

  4. Sakdina[feudal] system • Sakdina= field power • from two laws; law of the Civil Hierarchy, law of the Military and Provincial Hierarchies, issued by K.Trailok • Two chief ministries; Kalahom(military) and Mahatthai (civilian) • Under Mahatthai were 4 ministries: capital, palace, agriculture, and treasury.

  5. Sakdina and ranking • King--unlimited rai(2.5 rai=1 acre) • Uparat--100,000 • Chief minister--10,000 • Minor department head--400 • Sakdina 400 and up began the bureaucratic nobility or the ‘khunnang’: below is commoner • petty officials=50-400 • craftsmen=50; peasant freemen=25 • slaves and beggars=5

  6. Famous Kings of Ayudhya • Ayudhya history divided into 2 periods: 1351-1569; 1570-1767. • 1st half, Uthong, Trailok(1448-63),politico-religious integration of Ayudhya and Sukhothai; Ordain. Naresuan(r.1590-1605) War with Burma, fell in 1569 • Declared independence in 1590 • 2nd half: uneven institutional development exacerbated by increasing relations with Western European powers. Portugese, Dutch, French, English • Narai (r 1656-88) sent missions to France 1680s. • Succession came from strong nobles. Song Tham 1611; Prasat Thong 1656; Phretracha 1688.

  7. Ayudhya: Sources of strength and instability • Growing differences between Siam and its northern neighbors. • Rebellion led by Thammathian, a retainer of Narai’s brother in 1690. Bun Khwang, a holy man rebel in 1698-70. • China trade—strength of the king over noble

  8. The Burmese and Thai war • 1760 Burma attack the Thai kingdom, from north to southwest. • Unsuccessful expedition, ended. • 1764 started again. From north to central. • Ayudhya fell in 1760, unable to mount manpower to resistance the attack.

  9. weaknesses • Every royal succession in the two centuries from 16th to 18th turned into a political crisis. • Became dangerous as stakes grew higher. • Cut into noble’s interest and power. • Led to the general crisis from royal and noble powers

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