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Introduction to Pharmacology

Introduction to Pharmacology. Overview. Pharmaceutics Pharmacokinetics Pharmacodynamics. Pharmaceutics. Different dosage forms have different pharmaceutical properties. Drug absorption of various preparations Liquids Fastest Powders Tablets 

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Introduction to Pharmacology

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  1. Introduction to Pharmacology

  2. Overview • Pharmaceutics • Pharmacokinetics • Pharmacodynamics

  3. Pharmaceutics • Different dosage forms have different pharmaceutical properties. • Drug absorption of various preparations • Liquids Fastest • Powders • Tablets  • Enteric-coated tablets Slowest

  4. Pharmacokinetics • Absorption • Bioavailability • First Pass Effect • Distribution • Metabolism • Excretion

  5. Pharmacodynamics • Onset, Peak, & Duration • Onset - time it takes for a therapeutic response. • Peak – maximum therapeutic response • Duration – length of time that drug [ ] is sufficient • Agonists & Antagonists

  6. More Pharmacology • Therapeutic Window • Peak & Trough Levels • Loading Dose

  7. Pharmacodynamics • Side Effects • Adverse Reactions • Toxic effects/Toxicity

  8. Nursing Implications • Assessment • Implementation (types of therapies) • Acute • Maintenance • Supplemental • Palliative • Supportive • Prophylactic

  9. Nursing Implications • Monitoring • Therapeutic index • Drug [ ] • Patient’s condition • Tolerance and Dependence • Interactions

  10. Life Span Considerations • Polypharmacy and Drug Use • Physiologic Changes • Slowed gastric emptying • Gastric pH is less acidic • GFR decreased by 40-50%

  11. Sample Question • A client complains of pain and asks the nurse for pain medication. The nurse first assesses vital signs and finds them to be as follows: BP 134/92, pulse 90, and respirations 20. The nurse’s most appropriate action is to: A. Give the medication B. Ask if the client is anxious C. Check the client dressing for bleeding D. Recheck the clients vital signs in 30 minutes

  12. Sample Question • A client is nauseated, has been vomiting for several hours, and needs to receive an antinausea medication. The nurse recognizes that which of the following is accurate? A. An enteric-coated medication should be given. B. Medication will not be absorbed as easily because of the nausea. C. A parental route is the route of choice. D. A rectal suppository must be administered

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