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Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

Explore how Napoleon's Continental System, invasions of Spain and Russia, and alliances led to his defeat, exile, and ultimate downfall in this historical account.

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Napoleon’s Empire Collapses

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  1. Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Chapter 7 Section 4

  2. Blockade • November 1806 • Napoleon forced the closing of ports • To prevent all trade and communication between Great Britain and other European nations

  3. Continental System • Blockade • Supposed to make Continental Europe more self sufficient • Intended it to destroy Great Britain’s economy

  4. Did it work? • No. • Everyone disregarded the blockade…even family • Smugglers

  5. British Blockade • Britain made their own blockade • The powerful navy was able to enforce their blockade • Navy forced ships bound for Europe to stop at their port to be searched and taxed • U.S. ships included, led to the War of 1812 (2 years)

  6. Peninsular War • 1808 Napoleon sent an invasion force through Spain to Portugal • Action was protested • Replaced Spanish King with his brother • For 6 years, guerrillas struck at French armies in Spain • Napoleon lost 300,000 men

  7. Invasion of Russia • 1812 Russian czar refused to stop selling grain to Britain • June of 1812, 420,000 soldiers sent • Scorched-Earth Policy by Russians • Burned grain fields and slaughtered livestock…leaving nothing for the enemy to eat • Only 10,000 soldiers returned home

  8. Napoleon’s 3 Big Mistakes • Continental System • Led to War of 1812 • Invasion of Spain • Led to Peninsular War • Invasion of Russia • Led to the destruction of his military

  9. Weakness bring defeat • His enemies took advantage of his weakness • All of Europe joined forces against France • 1814 he surrendered • Exiled to Elba…a tiny island off the Italian coast

  10. The Hundred Days • Louis XVIII assumed the throne • French people suspected him of trying to do away with revolutionary reforms • Napoleon tried to regain power • March 1, 1815 he escaped from Elba and came to France • Welcomed and once again emperor

  11. Waterloo • In Belgium • June 18, 1815 Napoleon attacked • British and Prussian forced attacked the French • After 2 days the French crumbled and were chased from the field

  12. Napoleon • Exiled to St. Helena…a remote island in the South Atlantic • Lived a lonely life for 6 years • Wrote memoirs • Died of a stomach ailment

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