Napoleon Forges an Empire

1. Napoleon Forges an Empire Chapter 23 Section 3

2. Napoleon’s Rise to Power • Very short, but casts a long shadow • Became a great military genius • 4yrs, 1795 - 1799: • Officer in army - Emperor of France • Became a great military genius

3. Nap Seizes Power • Hero: October 1795 • Saved: National Convention • 1796 – led army vs. Austria • Many victories • Becomes most famous general in all of Fr.

4. Nap Seizes Power • Coup d'état: 1799 • Directory lost control & dissolved • Group of 3 consuls created • Nap. = 1st consul • Plebiscite • Vote of the people • Approve new constitution • Gave real power to Nap

5. Economic – Balanced budget Better tax collection syst. Restored bread prices Government – Corrupt officials gone Replaced w/trained officials Based on merit Religious - Recognized & supported the church Church out of Gov’t affairs Nap Restores Order

6. Nap Restores Order: Napoleonic Code • Legal • Napoleonic Code • 1 Code of laws for Fr. • everyone = in the eyes of law • Purpose: reform legal code to reflect Fr. Rev. • Actually limited liberty • Order over rights

7. Becoming Emperor • Made himself “Consul for Life” • Made himself Emperor at the Cathedral of Norte Dame

8. Nap creates an Empire: The Americas • Haiti • They demanded same privileges as Fr • Nap wanted to take back the colony • Restore the industry there • Napoleon cuts losses • Sells Louisiana Territory • Gain $$$ • Punish the British

9. Louisiana Purchase, 1803Doubled size of US $15,000,000/828,800 square miles/ all or part of 14 U.S. states & 2 Canadian provinces.

10. Nap creates an Empire:Europe • Already controlled Netherlands, parts of It. & Switz. • France vs. Great Britain, Russia, Austria, Prussia • France wins & wins BIG • Signed treaties w/Austria, Russia, & Prussia • Only one left: Britain • Largest Empire since Rome

11. By 1805, how successful had Napoleon been in his efforts to build an empire?

12. Nap’s Empire Collapses Chapter 23 Section 4

13. Nap’s Loss • Battle of Trafalgar • Naval defeat • Brit. commander split the Fr. fleet • Two major results • Brit. navy: best for 100yrs • Nap gave up on invading UK • Looked for another way to get UK • Tries blockade of UK • This would lead to his downfall French British

14. Battle of Trafalgar

15. The French Empire • Huge but unstable • Maintained it for only 5yrs • Quickly fell to pieces • Caused by Nap’s actions • The Continental System • Peninsular War • Invasion of Russia

16. Nap’s Three Mistakes 3

17. The Continental System • GOAL Isolate Britain and promote Nap’s mastery over Europe. • Milan Decree (1807) • Ships from Britain would be seized (taken). • Blockade against Britain backfires • Prevent trade between Britain & European countries • Supposed to make Europe more self-sufficient & destroy Britain’s industry • Weakened France instead

18. The Continental System What country in Europe, looks like they are not following the Continental System?

19. Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810 ContinentalSystem 1806: France   Spain & Portugal • Portugal did not comply with the Continental System. • France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal. • Spain refused = Nap invades Spain • Guerilla warfare in Spain = loss of many of Napoleon’s best troops. • Citizens ambushed Napoleon’s army

20. The “Big Blunder” -- Russia • July, Nap led his army of 614,000 men across central Europe into Russia. • The Russians avoided a direct confrontation. • Retreated to Moscow, drawing the French into the interior of Russia • Hoped that it’s size and the weather would act as “support” for the Russian cause. • “Scorched-Earth policy” • Burned fields, slaughtered livestock • Russian nobles abandoned their estates leaving the French to operate far from their supply bases.

21. Nap @ Moscow Moscow On Fire! • September, 1812  Nap @ Moscow, but city was abandoned. • Russians set fire to the city.

22. Napoleon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!

23. Questions • What battle led to the beginning of NB downfall? • Who beat NB at that battle and what did they do to win? • What were NB’s 3 mistakes? • Which of the 3 mistakes was the worst? • What did the Russians do that made it so hard for NB to win?

24. Objectives • Organize Napoleon’s accomplishments in order of what you think is most important. • Evaluate Napoleon’s importance. • Judge the idea of exiling Napoleon and than bring Louis back as well as, than, Napoleon.

25. Coalition took advantage of weakness Defeated Nap Battle of Leipzig Nap surrendered Exiled on Elba Escapes Nap’s Defeat

26. Louis XVIII is king • Not a smooth transition: • Econ depression, fear, émigrés looked for revenge • Unpopular • 1815, Nap back 2 Fr = Louis flees. • The Hundred Days

27. Battle of Waterloo - loses • Brit & Prussian armies crush the Fr • Nap is again exiled - St. Helena • Died in 1821 • After Nap • Fr brings BACK King Louis XVIII & Limited Monarchy Napoleon en-route to Final Exile -St. Helena

28. Accomplishments of Nap • Napoleonic Code • Central State with Constitution • Elections with expanded suffrage • Increased access to property • Access to education • Created feelings of nationalism • Abolition of HRE lead to the creation of Germany

29. The Congress of Vienna Congress of Vienna • Series of meetings in Vienna • Very Conservative • Wanted things to stay the same • Participants: • Austria, Russia, Britain, France • Main Goal: • create lasting peace and stability in Europe

30. Congress of Vienna • Prevent Future aggression (Balance of Power) • Made small countries stronger • Prevents France from trying to take them over • Balance of Power: • Weakened France: surrounded France with strong countries • Not powerless • Restoring Monarchs: • wanted monarchies back • Louis XVIII back in power in France • Thought this would prevent turmoil