Spring Semester Final

1. Spring Semester Final Essay’s: Cause and effect Comparison Map test Multiple Choice Test

2. Spring Final S.G. • Know for the final • Industrial Revolution • Where did it begin? Why there? • What were the short term and long term effects of industrialization? • Short term effects: • Long term effects:

3. AGE OF INDUSTRYCH. 12 AND 13.1PAGES 374-401 Standard: Strand 2: World History; Concept 6: Age of Revolution; PO 6: Analyze the social, political, and economic development and impact of the Industrial Revolution: a. origins in England’s textile and mining industries. b. urban growth and the social impact of industrialization c. unequal spread of industrialization to other countries d. political and economic theories (nationalism, anarchism, capitalism, socialism)

4. Please open your textbook to page 374 • As a class we will read the Storyteller… • We will brainstorm the historical significance questions.

5. Vocabulary: Domestic system Enclosure movement Capital Entrepreneur Factory system Industrial capitalism Interchangeable parts Division of labor Partnership Corporation Depression Labor union-tactics Collective bargaining People Eli Whitney James Watt Robert Fulton Frederick Taylor Henry Ford Samuel Morse Alexander Graham Bell Thomas Edison Rudolf Diesel Wilbur and Orville Wright Terms, people, and events to know for Industrial Revolution: Ch. 12

6. Dates for the Industrial Revolution Put these dates on your timeline: inventions, events, etc. • Section 2: • 1700-1800 • 1779 • 1787 • 1793 • 1801 • 1804 • 1807 • Section 3: • 1789 • 1876 • 1895 • 1904 • Section 4: • 1799 • 1800 • 1820’s • 1870’s 1700 1770 1800 1810 1830 1860 1890 1920

7. Please read Ch. 12.1:pages 376-378 Living From the Land • In this section please take our regular format of notes on • Vocabulary • people • information –life before industrialization, what were the early industries, and where most people lived before industrialization. • If you finish before others please begin reading Ch. 12.2– pages 379-382. • As you read write information on the people and terms included in this section.

8. Thursday 1/23 RAP Open your textbook to page 381. Read “An Industrial City” geography. • How did Manchester become an industrial city? • Do you think what happened to Manchester can be called progress? Explain. • How do cities compare today with cities of the 1800s? Today: • Review Ch. 12.1 and preview Ch. 12.2 • Read Ch. 12.2 and take notes on people and terms.

9. Industrial Revolution • Industrial Revolution began when power-driven machinery in factories replaced work done in homes. • Life before IR —harsh, people lived the way their ancestors had for hundreds of years. • Relied almost solely on farming. • Families remained relatively small because of a high death rate. • Life expectancy was around 40 years of age. • Only 25% of Europeans lived in towns. • Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the 1700s. • Early industry: • Domestic system– wool industry; depended on a network of workers; • Mining coal— coal fields under farm fields– people worked both. • The Industrial Revolution occurred in several stages, each of which was dependent upon the previous stage. • Agricultural Revolution • Cottage Industry • Factory System • Steam Engine

10. Traditional or Pre-Industrial Society • Farming in the Middle Ages • Villages feed themselves • One of three fields left fallow (empty) to regain fertility • Animals grazed in common pastures. • Farmers did not experiment with new farming methods. • Disadvantages • Land use was inefficient • Farmers didn’t experiment with new farming methods. • Forces for Change • Population growing – more food needed. • French blockade –no corn– more food needed. (Napoleon)

11. The Agricultural Revolution Ch. 12.2 • Enclosure Movement-pg. 379 • Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures and experimented with new farming technology. • Villages lost common lands and political power, peasants became poorer. • Crop Rotation-pg. 379 • Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop, replenished by planting different crops • Fields not left fallow • Other Discoveries • Seed drill -Planted seeds more efficiently • New crops—corn and potatoes • Results of Agricultural Revolution • More food • Population increased

12. Cottage Industry = Early Capitalism • Mercantilism--- • Economic theory of the 1600s • Stated a nation should maintain and increase its wealth by exporting more goods than it was importing • Placed limits of purchasing goods 2. Cottage Industry • Merchants supplied materials—wool and cotton to cottages to be carded and spun. • Multiple cottages provided services to produce cloth; supplies went from spinning cottage to weaving cottage to dying cottage to sell finished cloth. • Merchants sell product for more than material and labor costs= profit + larger investment = higher profit • Capitalism-money to invest in labor, machines, and raw materials • An economic system based on private ownership, free competition, and profit • Cottage industry is an example of early capitalism

13. Cottage Industry • Effects of Cottage Industry • Big profits for new class of merchants • Alternative source of income for peasants • YouTube - Conan O'Brien, American Express - "Curtain“

14. 3. TEXTILE INDUSTRY AND FACTORY SYSTEM • Textile Industry invented • Cottage industry could not keep up with new demand • Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule—all improved spinning • Power loom sped up weaving • Cotton gin separated seeds from cotton—Eli Whitney • Rise of the Factory System • Brought workers and machines together under the control of managers. • Factories located near power source: coal, iron, water….. • Waterways powered the machines and transported items. • Led to the invention of the more efficient steam engine —help set industrial revolution into full motion. • Industrial developments • Factory machinery increased demand for iron and steel. • Private companies began building and paving roads; led to drainage systems. • First modern canal built in 1761. • First practical Steam boat invented in 1807

15. Textile and Factory • Effects of Textile Factories in Britain • Prices of mass-produced textiles were much lower than hand- produced items • Britain’s textile industry increased enormously • Majority of villagers forced to leave to find work in urban factories.

16. 4. Steam Engine: Energy for the Industrial Revolution • The need for Energy • Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water mills • Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need for power • How the Steam Engine Works • Steam forced from high to low pressure produces power.

17. Steam Engine Invented by James Watt in the 1760s • Effect of Steam Engine • Steam power, used where ever coal existed • increased textile production • Improved mining which increased metals which in turn fueled other industries.

18. Iron and Coal: Energy for the IR • The need for Iron • Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways • Smelting makes iron more pure, but requires carbon • The need for coal • Carbon necessary for smelting iron • Steam engines powered by coal • Effect of Iron and Coal • Britain produced more iron than all other countries of the world combined • Coal powered Britain’s enormous navy.

19. Transportation • The need for better Transportation • Increased production increased need to transport goods quickly and cheaply • Pre-industrial society used horses, mules, and dirt roads • Inventions • Stone and eventually asphalt roads • Canals • Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in 1829 • Effects of RR • Expanded rapidly throughout Britain • Cheaper transportation increased production and profits • Railways fueled other industries: coal, steam engines, iron, steel, and many manufactured products.

20. Steam Engine Please open your book to page 395 and look at the map showing the Industrial Revolution: England 1850-1870

21. Why Britain led the Industrial Revolution • Geography • Climate good for textile production. • Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal. • Separation from the European continent kept them out of wars. • Government • internal trade encouraged • Population allowed to relocate • Helped build canals and road • Social Factors • British society less rigid than other European countries • Colonial Empire • Supplied raw material for manufactured goods • Provided market for goods • Advantages of Industrializing First • No other countries competing for manufactured goods • Monopoly on technology

23. Closure: • Think about writing an essay on why the Industrial Revolution was able to start in Great Britain…..another day.  • Read 12.2 and finish your notes

24. Please read Ch. 12.2 and complete the terms and People of IR • Vocabulary: • Domestic system • Enclosure movement • Capital • Entrepreneur • Factory system • Industrial capitalism • Interchangeable parts • Division of labor • Partnership • Corporation • Depression • Labor union-tactics • Collective bargaining People: • Eli Whitney • James Watt • Robert Fulton • Frederick Taylor • Henry Ford • Samuel Morse • Alexander Graham Bell • Thomas Edison • Rudolf Diesel • Wilbur and Orville Wright