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The Cardiovascular System

The Cardiovascular System. The cardiovascular system transports materials to and from your cells. The cardiovascular system is made up of three parts: blood, the heart, and blood vessels. What is blood?.

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The Cardiovascular System

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  1. The Cardiovascular System • The cardiovascular system transports materials to and from your cells. • The cardiovascular system is made up of three parts: blood, the heart, and blood vessels.

  2. What is blood? • Blood is a connective tissue made up of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma • Plasma is the fluid part of blood. • Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets float in the plasma

  3. Red Blood Cells • Red blood cells supply your cells with oxygen • Each RBC contains a protein called hemoglobin • Hemoglobin gives blood its red color

  4. White blood Cells • White blood cells destroy pathogens • Some WBC’s squeeze out of vessels and move around in tissues, searching for pathogens. When they find a pathogen, they engulf it • Other WBC’s release chemicals called antibodies, which help destroy pathogens.

  5. Platelets • Platelets are pieces of larger cells which release chemicals in damaged vessels and cause fibers to form • The fibers make a “net” that traps blood cells and stops bleeding. 3- red blood cell 5- platelet

  6. Red & White Cells in a blood vessel Blood Cells in a small blood vessel Red Blood Cell White Blood Cell

  7. Your heart is about the size of your fist. • The heart pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the body

  8. Your heart has a left side and a right side that are separated by a thick wall • Each side has an upper chamber and a lower chamber • Upper chamber is called an atrium • Lower chamber is called a ventricle

  9. Valves are located between the atria and ventricles • As blood moves through the heart, the valves close and prevent blood from going backward.

  10. Blood Vessels • Blood flows throughout your body in blood vessels • A blood vessel is a hollow tube that transports blood • There are three types of blood vessels—arteries, capillaries, and veins

  11. Arteries • Arteries carry blood away from the heart. • Arteries have thick walls that contain a layer of smooth muscle • When blood is pumped out of the heart at high pressure, these thick walls have the strength to withstand it.

  12. Capillaries • Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in your body. • Capillary walls are only one cell thick • No cell in the body is more than three or four cells away from a capillary

  13. Veins • Veins carry blood back to the heart. • When skeletal muscles contract, they squeeze nearby veins and help push blood toward the heart

  14. If all the blood vessels in your body were strung together, the total length would be more than twice the circumference of the Earth.

  15. Exercise and blood flow • Physical activity causes as much as 10 times more blood to be sent to the muscles than when your body is at rest. • Less blood is sent to the kidneys and the digestive system so that more blood can go to the skeletal muscles, brain, heart, and lungs

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