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Texas Gains Independence

Texas Gains Independence. Chapter 16. American Settlers in Texas. Attracting Settlers Mexico hired empresarios , or agents, to bring settlers to Texas. Empresarios received land in exchange for bringing groups of settlers.

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Texas Gains Independence

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  1. Texas Gains Independence Chapter 16

  2. American Settlers in Texas • Attracting Settlers • Mexico hired empresarios, or agents, to bring settlers to Texas. • Empresarios received land in exchange for bringing groups of settlers. • In 1821 Stephen F. Austin founded a colony of some 300 American families.

  3. Stephen F. Austin

  4. American Settlers in Texas • The Settlers • By 1834 more than 20,000 Americans had moved to Mexican Texas. • Most of these settlers came from the southern United States. • Lured by the promise of cheap or free land grants from the government.

  5. Reflection How did the Mexican government encourage people to move to Texas?

  6. Trouble in Texas • Requirements for Foreign Immigrants • Had to become Mexican citizens and obey Mexican laws • Had to support the Roman Catholic Church

  7. Trouble in Texas • Sources of Tension • Many Americans did not adapt to Mexican culture and ignored Mexican laws. • Some American settlers came illegally and felt little loyalty to Mexico. • Mexican officials worried that they might lose control of Texas. • Some American settlers and Tejanos thought they were unfairly represented in the Mexican government.

  8. Trouble in Texas • The Mexican Government • Began enforcing its laws more strictly in Texas • Limited American immigration to Texas, tried to keep settlers from bringing in slaves, raised tariffs on American goods, and sent more soldiers to Texas • Jailed Stephan F. Austin, who had traveled to Mexico to request more self-government for Texans • In 1834 General Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, who had been elected president of Mexico, suspended Mexico’s republican constitution.

  9. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna Mexican General and President

  10. Reflection How did the Mexican government try to increase control of Texas?

  11. The Texas Revolution Begins • The Texas Revolution began in the town of Gonzalez in October 1835. • A group of Texans formed a temporary government with the goal of defeating Santa Anna and restoring Mexico’s suspended Constitution in 1824. • http://www.history.com/topics/alamo/videos • The Alamo • A force of 189 Texas volunteers defended the Alamo, an old mission in San Antonio, against 1,800 Mexican troops led by Santa Anna. • In March 1836, after a 13-day seige, Mexican forces attacked and killed all the Alamo defenders; Santa Anna spared a few Texans not involved in the fighting. • At the Battle of Goliad, outnumbered Texas forces surrendered, after which Santa Anna had almost all of them executed.

  12. The Alamo Painting of the Battle of the Alamo.

  13. Reflection What was the goal of the temporary Texas government?

  14. Texas Becomes a Republic Texas delegates declared independence four days before the Battle of the Alamo. On April 21, 1836, the Texas army under the command of Sam Houston, surprised and defeated Santa Anna’s army at the Battle of San Jacinto. Texans captured Santa Anna and forced him to give Texas its independence.

  15. The Surrender of Santa Anna Artist William Henry Huddle painted the scene of the morning of April 22, 1836, the day after Texas' victory over Mexico at the Battle of San Jacinto. Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna, in the uniform of a private soldier, was brought before Texas General Sam Houston as a prisoner of war. Houston, wounded in the battle, rested on a pallet under the oak tree while arranging an armistice with Santa Anna.

  16. Reflection What battle led to the victory in Texas’ fight for independence from Mexico?

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