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SMALL SCALE POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTION

SMALL SCALE POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTION. RICHARD D. MILES PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. IN ANY TYPE OF POULTRY OPERATION WHAT IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF POOR BIRD PERFORMANCE ?. POULTRY OPERATION. “LARGE-SCALE”. “SMALL SCALE”. QUESTION. STRESSORS. Mold & Mycotoxins. NH 3 /H 2 S. Dust.

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SMALL SCALE POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTION

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  1. SMALL SCALE POULTRY AND EGG PRODUCTION RICHARD D. MILES PROFESSOR UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

  2. IN ANY TYPE OF POULTRY OPERATION WHAT IS THE MAJOR CAUSE OF POOR BIRD PERFORMANCE ? POULTRY OPERATION “LARGE-SCALE” “SMALL SCALE” QUESTION

  3. STRESSORS Mold & Mycotoxins NH3/H2S Dust Heat Cold Poor Ventilation Vaccination Parasites Rough Handling Loud Noises Bacteria Viruses Protozoa Poor Sanitation Humidity Beak Trimming Weighing Dirty Water Pecking Order Nutritional Deficiencies Molting Crowding Feed Restriction Poor Litter Quality

  4. SMALL SCALEPOULTRY PRODUCTION TWO MAJOR SECTORS CONVENTIONAL PASTURE ORGANIC

  5. SMALL SCALEPOULTRY PRODUCTION TWO MAJOR SECTORS BREED SELECTION

  6. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-TYPE BIRDS" “LIMITED” BREED OPTIONS EXIST CORNISH CROSS HYBRIDS “COMMERCIAL BROILERS” (MEAT-BIRDS) HERITAGE BREEDS CONSIDERED “DUAL PURPOSE” SLOWER GROWTH SMALLER CARCASS SIZE STRONGER FLAVOR COLORED FEATHERS FAST GROWING (5 POUNDS IN 6 WEEKS) VERY TENDER NO “STRONG” FLAVOR WHITE FEATHERS

  7. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-BIRDS" COMMERCIAL BROILERS

  8. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-BIRDS" COMMERCIAL BROILERS

  9. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-BIRDS" SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION (COMMERCIAL BROILERS) IDENTICAL GENETICS

  10. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-BIRDS" SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION SIMILAR BASIC REQUIREMENTS …FOR… BROODING NUTRITION HOUSING AND EQUIPMENT MANAGEMENT

  11. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-BIRDS" HERITAGE BREEDS (AMERICAN LIVESTOCK BREEDS CONSERVANCY) NEW HAMPSHIRE BARRED ROCKS BUFF ORPINGTONS

  12. WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION ABOUT THE HERITAGE BREEDS ? …CONTACT… AMERICAN LIVESTOCK BREEDS CONSERVANCY > HTTP: //WWW.ALBC-USA.ORG < INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  13. BREED SELECTION "MEAT-BIRDS" SMALL SCALE PRODUCTION “CONFINEMENT” “PASTURE” OR “ORGANIC”

  14. BREED SELECTION "EGG-TYPE BIRDS" SEVERAL BREED OPTIONS EXIST WHITE LEGHORN RHODE ISLAND RED ARAUCANAS

  15. INFORMATION BASE “SMALL-SCALE POULTRY PRODUCTION” • ANY MAJOR UNIVERSITY WITH A POULTRY PROGRAM *** UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS *** DR. ANNE FANATICO (CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR POULTRY SCIENCE) > AFANATI@UARK. EDU < UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA AUBURN UNIVERSITY NORTH CAROLINA STATE UNIVERSTIY TEXAS A&M UNIVERSTIY OF MINNESOTA MISSISSIPPI STATE UNIVERSITY PURDUE UNIVERSITY KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY

  16. INFORMATION BASE “SMALL-SCALE POULTRY PRODUCTION” SLIDE PRESENTATION UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IFAS EXTENSION ELENA TORO EXTENSION AGENT I SUWANNEE COUNTY BRAD BURBAUGH EXTENSION AGENT I DUVAL COUNTY TOPICS DISCUSSED STARTING CHICKS BROODING FEEDING & WATERING LAYER MANAGEMENT SELLING EGGS PROCESSING EGGS/BROILERS PROCESSING EQUIPMENT BROILER PRODUCTION PASTURE OPERATIONS MEAT-TYPE BREEDS EGG-TYPE BREEDS ECONOMICS

  17. WHAT AGENCY REGULATES THE PROCESSING OF POULTRY IN THE STATE OF FLORIDA FOR SMALL POULTRY PRODUCERS (20,000 BIRDS OR < PER YEAR) ? …ANSWER… THE FLORIDA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CONSUMER SERVICES / DIVISION OF FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  18. WHERE CAN I LEARN MORE ABOUT THE REGULATIONS I MUST FOLLOW IN ORDER TO PROCESS POULTRY MEAT AS WELL AS MORE ABOUT HOW TO RAISE PASTURED POULTRY IN FLORIDA ? …ANSWER… UF/IFAS (B.BURBAUGH & E. TORO) “PASTURED POULTRY VIRTUAL FIELD DAY” > HTTP: //VFD.IFAS.UFL.EDU/PASTURED_POULTRY/ < …OR CONTACT… FL DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DIVISION OF FOOD SAFETY INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  19. INFORMATION BASE “PASTURE POULTRY PRODUCTION” • ANY MAJOR UNIVERSITY WITH A POULTRY PROGRAM *** UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS *** DR. ANNE FANATICO (CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR POULTRY SCIENCE) …RECENT 2010 PUBLICATION… “PASTURE-RAISED POULTRY: GETTING STARTED” B. BURBAUGH, E. TORO AND A. GERNAT IFAS, FLORIDA COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE EDIS PUBLICATION “AN232” > http: //edis.ifas.ufl.edu < 2)

  20. INFORMATION BASE “ORGANIC POULTRY PRODUCTION” • ANY MAJOR UNIVERSITY WITH A POULTRY PROGRAM UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS (CENTER OF EXCELLENCE FOR POULTRY SCIENCE) …RECENT 2009 PUBLICATION… “ORGANIC POULTRY PRODUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES: BROILERS” BY A.C. FANATICO, C.M. OWENS AND J.L. EMMERT JOURNAL OF APPLIED POULTRY RESEARCH (VOLUME 18: PAGES 355-366) 2) > HTTP: //JAPR.FASS.ORG/CGI/CONTENT/FULL/18/2/355 < …ALSO... NATIONAL SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE INFORMATION SERVICE > WWW. ATTRA.NCAT.ORG <

  21. WHERE CAN I FIND THE ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING STANDARDS FOR FLORIDA ? …CONTACT… FLORIDA ORGANIC GROWERS ASSOCIATION > WWW. FOGINFO.ORG < INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  22. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CONSIDERATIONS FOR ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING ? 1) MEAT OR EGGS PROCESSED ON THE FARM MUST COMPLY WITH ORGANIC HANDLING STANDARDS “NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM” …FINAL RULE SECTIONS… 205.270 TO 205.272 …IF PROCESSED OFF-FARM… THE PROCESSING PLANT MUST BE CERTIFIED “ORGANIC” INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  23. WHAT IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST CHALLENGES IN ORGANIC POULTRY PROCESSING ? FINDING THE FACILITIES THAT WILL KILL AND PROCESS THE BIRDS INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  24. CAN PROCESSING PLANTS THAT ARE ALREADY IN COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL AND STATE REGULATIONS BE CERTIFIED AS “ORGANIC” ? …YES… …HOWEVER… • PRECAUTIONS MUST BE TAKEN TO NOT CONTAMINATE • ORGANIC PRODUCTS WITH THE NON-ORGANIC PRODUCTS 2) RECORD KEEPING FOR AUDITS IS ESSENTIAL 3) ORGANIC PRODUCTS ARE PROCESSED “FIRST” OF THE DAY INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  25. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CONSIDERATIONS FOR ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING ? 2) “APPROVED ORGANICS” THAT MUST BE USED DETERGENTS SANITIZERS (PROCESSING FACILITIES & EQUIPMENT) PEST CONTROL METHODS INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  26. WHAT ARE SOME OF THE CONSIDERATIONS FOR ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING ? 3) APPROVED ORGANIC FEED INGREDIENTS MUST BE USED THIS ELIMINATES POSSIBILITIES FOR FORMULATING DIETS TO MEET THE BIRD’S NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  27. IS THERE A SOURCE WHERE I CAN FIND A LIST OF THE APPROVED MATERIALS THAT CAN BE USED IN ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING ? USDA NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM (NOP) “NATIONAL LIST” >HTTP: //WWW.AMS.USDA.GOV/ NOP < INFORMATION BASE QUESTION

  28. WHY IS THE DATE OF OCTOBER 10, 2010 SO VERY IMPORTANT FOR ORGANIC POULTRY FARMING IN THE U.S. ? THE “MAN MADE” AMINO ACID METHIONINE CANNOT BE USED IN “ORGANIC” POULTRY PRODUCTION …IMPORTANT CONCEPT… METHIONINE IS AN ESSENTIAL AMINO ACID QUESTION

  29. ARE THERE ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF METHIONINE ? FISH MEAL QUESTION

  30. BROODING

  31. WHY ARE THE FIRST 2-3 WEEKS OF LIFE SO VERY IMPORTANT FOR CHICKS ? BROODING QUESTION

  32. BROODING WHY IS IT SO CRITICAL ? ALL THE BIRD’S BODY SYSTEMS ARE DEVELOPING

  33. BROODING THERMOREGULATORY SYSTEM IMMUNE SYSTEM DIGESTIVE SYSTEM FEATHERING LEARNING TO EAT AND DRINK

  34. TISSUE TYPES SUPPLY TISSUES DEMAND TISSUES MUSCLE BONE FEATHERS BEAK LUNGS LIVER PANCREAS DIGESTIVE TRACT

  35. 1-DAY OLD BROILER CHICK RESIDUAL YOLK IMMATURE DIGESTIVE TRACT

  36. GUT DEVELOPMENT 1 WEEK OF AGE HATCH TOTAL MASS IS 4 FOLD GREATER THAN REST OF BODY

  37. DURING EMBRYOGENESIS THE DIGESTIVE TRACT DEVELOPS BEFORE THE BRAIN

  38. BROODING COMMERCIAL SCALE

  39. BROODING SMALL SCALE

  40. BROODING UNITS BOX BATTERY

  41. BROODING UNITS BROODING RINGS

  42. BROODING UNITS LAMP-TYPE BROODER

  43. BROODING BROODING HEAT SOURCES

  44. BROODING UNITS

  45. WHAT IS THE BEST WAY TO DETERMINE IF THE CHICKS ARE COMFORTABLE IN THE BROODER ? THE CHICKS WILL TELL YOU IF THEY ARE COMFORTABLE QUESTION

  46. BROODING THE CHICKS WILL TELL YOU IF THEY ARE COMFORTABLE

  47. TODAY’S MEAT-TYPE BIRDS GROW VERY RAPIDLY BODY WEIGHT BROODING 1000 HOURS AGE 42 DAYS MOST CRITICAL PERIOD

  48. BROODING GIVING CHICKS THE BEST POSSIBLE START FEED INTAKE IS ESSENTIAL

  49. GUT DEVELOPMENT ….FACT…. WHEN FEED INTAKE DECLINES GUT DEVELOPMENT DECLINES

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