CO2 emissions from Transport services : Calculation and declaration

1. CO2 emissions from Transport services : Calculation and declaration Benjamin Collin Directorate General for Infrastructures, Transport and the Sea 26-27 September 2013

2. Transport GHG Emissions in France Transport GHG emissions in France : 133 MteqCO2 in 2011 (international transport not included) 27 % of total GHG emissions in France, first economic sector in terms of GHG emissions A steady growth between 1990 and 2005, slightly decreasing now Source : French Climate Action Plan, 2011

3. A Major Issue for The Reduction of GHG Emissions the share of transport in total emissions is going to increase Evolution scheduled in a business as usual (BAU) scenario without new political measure

4. Grenelle laws for environment (August 2009 and July 2010) For the transport sector : Reduction of 20 % of GHG emissions in 2020 (bringing them back to 1990-level) Promotion of motorways of the sea and rail motorways Construction of new high speed lines Development of urban public transport (new dedicated lines) For information on GHG emissions Information on the environmental impact of products Information on GHG emissions of public entities (state activity and local authorities) and private companies Information on CO2 emissions from transport services National Targets (France)

5. France Targets for GHG Emissions Global target A worldwide reduction of 50 % to restrict global warming to 2°C French President declared that France would argue for an ambitious target of a 40% reduction in greenhouse gases by 2030 and of 60% by 2040 (from 1990 levels) National targets A reduction of 75 % (factor 4) For the transport sector, the reduction needed has been evaluated to about 65 % (Centre for strategic analysis- December 2011)

6. Information on Transport Services CO2 Emissions Work initiated in 2008 Creation of an Observatory for energy and environment in transport Review of existing methods for CO2 calculation in transport (eco-comparator, calculation on a voluntary basis) The final version of the standard will be published in early 2013

7. Information on Transport Services CO2 Emissions – The French regulation Article L. 1431-3 of the transport code “ Public or private persons organising or selling a transport service for passengers, goods or moving purposes have to provide to the beneficiary of the transport service the quantity of carbon dioxide emitted by the means of transport used. » The decree enforcing this article was published on the 25th of October 2011 The ministerial orders giving the details for the application of the decree were published in April 2012

8. Information on Transport Services CO2 Emissions Main characteristics CO2 emissions only (CEN standard allows for all GHG emissions) Information has to be given by every person or entity in charge of organizing or selling transport services All modes of transport are concerned (aviation, maritime, road, rail, urban transport and inland waterways) Trips taken into account : at least a departure or an arrival in France, the international part of the journey is also included No exclusion for « small » services (packages deliveries, cabs) All loaded and empty trips are taken into account Mandatory information

9. Scope of Emissions Processes included Vehicles processes (tank-to-wheels) Energy processes (well-to-tank) For fuels : cultivation, refining, transformation, transport and distribution of energy For electricity : extraction and transport of primary energy, transformation, power generation, losses in electricity grid Processes not included Short term assistance to the vehicle for movement security reasons (tugboats in harbor, aircraft tractors in airports, …) Transhipments or cargo movement or passengers movement by external handling, transhipment or movement devices Processes at the administrative level (operation of buildings, personnel movement, computer systems, …) Vehicles construction, maintenance and scrapping ; transport infrastructures construction, service, maintenance and dismantling

10. Methodology for Calculation Identification of the different legs of the transport service Leg : section of a route within which the cargo or the passenger is carried with a given vehicle Calculation of CO2 emissions for each leg Sum of the results for each leg truck train truck C A B D Leg 1 Leg 2 Leg 3

11. Emissions for a Leg: Measurement Unit The calculation is done for a given vehicle which is used to realize several transport services For the calculation, a measurement unit has to be chosen for each prestation share assessment For passenger transport : passenger x kilometer, … For freight transport : ton x kilometer, m3 x kilometer or kilometer, … For mix transport (passenger and freight) : ton x kilometer (aviation), number of decks (maritime, ropax), …

12. Categories of Values The following categories of values, given by order of preference, may be used : Specific measured values Transport operator vehicle-type or route-type specific values Transport operator fleet values Default values (for small companies or when data is not available)

13. Methodology for Calculation  Main formula (which can be adapted) : Number of units transported for Number of the service Kilometric kilometers Emission x x consumption x for the factor rate service Average number of units transported in the vehicle

16. Example Vehicle used Consumption rate : 34 litres per km Quantification of units transported Mass (tons) Average number of units transported in the vehicle 15 tons (for a vehicle capacity of 25 tons) Description of the service : Distance : 400 km Transported units : 5 tons Emission factor : 3,07 kgCO2 per litre (diesel) (data given in a ministerial order)

17. Calculation Values specific to the service 5 t 0,34 l / km x 400 km x x 3,07 kgCO / l = 139 kg CO 2 2 15 t Values specific Values given to the company or by order given by order Information given to the beneficiary A guideline is available since October 2012 with explanation on general rules and examples for diversified transport activities (34 examples)

18. Communication of CO2 Information CO2 emissions from well-to-wheels and possibly also from well-to-tank and tank-to-wheels According to circumstances, information will have to be given before or after the fulfillment of the transport service In some cases, a simplified communication will be possible : for example, for public transport (subway ticket without origin nor destination)

19. Conclusions First step towards detailed information on CO2 emissions from transport services For international trips : a strong need for harmonised information Implementation is different depending on the type of service Data collected will also be very dependent on chosen information category, meaning fleixibility for professionals In addition to CO2 information, many other applications may be developed to help the companies or the local authorities to reduce their transport services CO2 emissions In addition to data gathering, there is a need for specialised softwares (information, support for reduction action plans, eco-driving, …) Encompassing all GHG is under scrutiny

20. France hosts COP2015 • France will host and preside over the 2015 Climate Conference ( COP21 / CMP11), after Durban hosting the 10th • Paris-Le Bourget, December 2015 • A conference to agree upon worldwide GHG reduction targets • France already has one of the lowest levels of per capita greenhouse gas emissions among developed countries and preparing its own ecological and energy transition towards a future of low carbon consumption and emission

21. Thank you for listening ! Any Questions ?