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Learn about the essential structures of the circulatory system including blood, heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. Understand the composition of blood, the different types of blood cells, and the functions of each structure. Explore the conduction system of the heart and the role of arteries in transporting oxygenated blood.
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Essential questions • What are the structures of blood? • What are the structures of the circulatory system? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Structures of the circulatory system • Blood • Heart • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood • Hemat- = blood • -ology = the study of • The average adult has 8 – 10 pints. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood One drop of blood contains: • 5 million RBCs • 250,000-500,000 platelets • 7,500 WBCs Red blood cells live 120 days. Make new blood cells 2 million per second! 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes Structures of the blood 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Plasma • Straw-colored liquid • 55% of the blood’s volume • Water • Plasma proteins • Nutrients • Electrolytes • Hormones, vitamins, and enzymes • Waste products Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Plasma proteins • Fibrinogen • Albumin • Globulin • Gamma globulin • Prothrombin Plasma Cellular elements 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Transportation Oxygen Carbon dioxide Erythrocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Larger than erythrocytes Five types Leuk/o/cytes – white cells Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Leukocytes • Agranulocytes • Lymphocytes • Monocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Leukocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Smallest of solid components of blood Synthesized in red marrow Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process Thrombocytes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Life span of blood cells... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Inherited from parents Determined by presence or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell Blood types What are the types of blood? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types. Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed. Check your knowledge of medical history... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Blood types • Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies • Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies • Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies • Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen). Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type. Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys. When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted. Rh factor 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
If the blood has the protein, the patient is Rh positive. If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative. Rh factor Did you know??? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Structures of the circulatory system • Heart Did you know your heart is the size of your fist? 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Heart Can you identify the structures of the heart? The heart is a double pump. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Heart Check your knowledge... Aorta Superior vena cava Pulmonary artery Aortic semilunar valve Pulmonary vein Right atrium Left atrium Tricuspidvalve Bicuspid (mitral) valve Inferior vena cava Pulmonary semilunar valve Right ventricle Left ventricle Septum Apex 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Layers of the heart Left atrium Right atrium Pericardium Myocardium Endocardium Right ventricle Left ventricle 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Conduction system of heart beats Refer to your textbook to identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the heart to beat. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Structures of the circulatory system • ARTERIES 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Vessels of the circulatory system • ARTERIES • Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries • Elastic, muscular and thick-walled • Transport blood under very high pressure • Arteries > arterioles > capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Vessels of the circulatory system Arteries • Arterial blood • Oxygen rich • Bright red, spurts 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Structures of the circulatory system • VEINS 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Vessels of the circulatory system • VEINS • Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart • Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries • Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood • Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction of the heart • Veins > Venules > Capillaries 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Vessels of the circulatory system Veins • Venous blood • Oxygen poor • Dark crimson, oozes 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Vessels of the circulatory system Identify the major veins. Identify the major arteries. 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Structures of the circulatory system • Capillaries • The smallest blood vessels • Connect arterioles to venules 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Structures of the circulatory system Trace the flow of blood through the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Right side Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava Right atrium Tricuspid valve Right Ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary artery Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange Left Side Pulmonary vein Left atrium Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta Body Flow of blood through the body 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Pulse sites • Alternating expansion and contraction of an artery as blood flows through it. Radial Temporal Brachial Ulnar Facial Carotid Popliteal Femoral tibialis dorsalis pedis 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
Common pulse sites Practice locating pulse sites... 2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
