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America’s 2 nd Industrial Revolution

America’s 2 nd Industrial Revolution. What is happening in the late 1800s in America?. Railroads expanding New inventions and innovations in technology & business Rise of Monopolies. Expansion of Railroads. Trans-Continental railroad completed in 1869 In 1860, US had 30,000 miles of track

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America’s 2 nd Industrial Revolution

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  1. America’s 2nd Industrial Revolution

  2. What is happening in the late 1800s in America? • Railroads expanding • New inventions and innovations in technology & business • Rise of Monopolies

  3. Expansion of Railroads • Trans-Continental railroad completed in 1869 • In 1860, US had 30,000 miles of track • By 1900, that number grew to 193,000 miles • Railroads meant access to new markets & natural resources • RR transported raw materials and goods to cities and new markets

  4. Partner Question How did railroads affect (change) US business?

  5. New Inventions & Innovations • Between 1860-1890, 400,000 new patents were issued by the gov’t • Examples: • 1876-telephone (Bell) • 1879- light bulb (Edison) • 1888- adding machine (Burrough) • 1888- Kodak camera (Eastman) After 1890 • 1908- Model T/Car (Ford)

  6. Alexander Graham Bell • Influential engineer and inventor from Scotland. • Revolutionized communications by inventing the telephone and forming the Bell Telephone Company. • Telegraph Telephone • New, efficient technology brought to businesses and homes.

  7. Resource Analysis • With a partner, read the resource titled Telephone’s Impact on Society. Answer the following questions in your notes. • What was the problem with the telephone when it was first introduced? • What are three ways the telephone helped change society?

  8. New Inventions & Innovations cont. • New inventions/innovations transform society • They were designed to make businesses run more efficiently • Also meant to make people’s lives easier • Meant to save time and money • Machines can now do the work faster than humans

  9. Thomas Edison • Inventor from Ohio credited with contributing to hundreds of new inventions. • Most famously, the phonograph and Light bulb. • Edison’s light bulb was long lasting and affordable. • Brought electricity to everyday homes and made business more efficient/profitable.

  10. Henry Ford • Engineer from Michigan who transformed the auto-making industry. • Model T • “a car which anyone could afford to buy, which anyone could drive anywhere, and which almost anyone could keep in repair.”

  11. Partner Question What new method of production did Ford Motor Co. use to mass produce affordable automobiles?

  12. Partner Question How do innovations in technology contribute to the expansion of American business and economy? As a result of innovations businesses got bigger and made more money by being efficient, making lives easier and saving people time and money.

  13. Rise of Monopolies • Business leaders created monopolies in their industries • Monopolies are when one person owns everything in an industry • Monopolies eliminate competition • Monopolies became so powerful they were difficult to control

  14. John D. Rockefeller Groundbreaking businessman and entrepreneur Revolutionized petroleum industry The co-founder of the Standard-Oil Company Became richest man in America by gaining complete control (monopolizing) the oil industry

  15. Andrew Carnegie • Self-made man born in Scotland in 1835. • Became involved in the railroad industry which would direct his attention toward the iron business. • Realized that steel was the metal of the future. • Became “king” of America’s steel industry and was one of the richest, most successful business men in America.

  16. New Leaders in Business • John D. Rockefeller - Owned Standard Oil • Used Horizontal Integration • Andrew Carnegie - Owned Carnegie Steel Company • Used Vertical Integration Turn to page 598 in your textbook and analyze the graphic labeled, Economics & History. Answer the following questions with your partner: What is the difference between vertical and horizontal integration? As a business owner why would you use these methods.

  17. Partner Task Turn to page 595 in your textbook and analyze the political cartoon with a partner. Answer the following question: Why might laws be passed to control monopolies?

  18. Influence of Big Business • Businesses gave government officials bribes and favors in exchange for laws and policies that benefited business (political machines) • When labor and business disagreed, government often sided with business • This led to very poor working conditions for laborers

  19. The Industrial Revolution had a profound effect on America’s economy, cities, culture and America’s influence in the world The Industrial Revolution affected the: • growth of cities • rise of the middle class • future technological advances • labor issues • need to look for natural resources in other countries

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