The Birth of a Republic

1. The Birth of a Republic

2. The Birth of a Republic • Main Idea… • The Romans created a republic and conquered Italy by treating people fairly…

3. The Birth of a Republic • Have you heard the phrase “winning hearts and minds”? It means convincing people to support you rather than just forcing them to obey… • Now lets look at how the Romans not only conquered other people in Italy but also won their hearts and minds.

4. The Birth of a Republic • The Etruscans ruled Rome for more than 100 years. • Under the Etruscans, Rome became wealthy and very powerful.

5. The Birth of a Republic • The problem one there was a ruling family that had complete control over Rome called the Tarquins. • They grew cruel and treated the people of Rome very badly.

6. The Birth of a Republic • Rebellion! • Finally in 509 B.C.E. the Romans rebelled

7. The Birth of a Republic • They over threw the Tarquins and established a Republic. • A Republic – is a form of government in which the leader is freely elected into office by the citizens, who have the right to vote.

8. The Birth of a Republic • The rise of the Roman Republic marked the beginning of a new chapter in Rome’s history. • At the time Rome became of republic the city was still very small and surrounded by enemies.

9. The Birth of a Republic • Over the next two hundred years, the Romans fought war after war against their neighbors. • They branched out and defeated the other Etruscans in the north and conquering the Greeks in southern Italy.

10. The Birth of a Republic • With these victories the Romans became the supreme masters of Italy and issued in a new era for the small country.

11. The Birth of a Republic • 1) What was the name of the ruling family that treated the citizens of Rome cruelly? • 2) What was the name of the Government that the Romans set up? • 3) What makes this government different for the people that live under it? • 4) What were the names of the two different rulers in Italy that Rome had to defeat in order to control the country?

12. The Birth of a Republic • 1) What was the name of the ruling family that treated the citizens of Rome cruelly? • Tarquins • 2) What was the name of the Government that the Romans set up? • Republic • 3) What makes this government different for the people that live under it? • People have the power to vote • 4) What were the names of the two different rulers in Italy that Rome had to defeat in order to control the country? • The Greeks and the Etruscans

13. Why was Rome so Strong • Rome was able to conquer Italy due to their excellent military and strength in combat. • In the Republics early days, every male citizen who owned land had to serve in the military…sometimes their families were forced to join as well

14. Why was Rome so Strong • Discipline was harsh, and deserters were punished by death. • The tough discipline helped mold Roman soldiers into fighters who fought brutally during combat…

15. Why was Rome so Strong • Roman armies at first fought like Greek armies… • Rows upon rows of soldiers marched shoulder to shoulder keeping their shields together holding long spears.

16. Why was Rome so Strong • Roman generals soon realized that this way of fighting was slow and hard to control. • They reorganized their soldiers into smaller groups called legions.

17. Why was Rome so Strong • Each legion had about 6,000 men and was further divided into groups of 60 to 120 soldiers. • These smaller groups could quickly cut through enemy lines …Rome had mastered the art of war.

18. Why was Rome so Strong • Roman soldiers or Legionaries were armed with a short sword called a Gladius and a spear called a Pilum.

19. Why was Rome so Strong

20. Why was Rome so Strong

21. Why was Rome so Strong • Each unit also carried its own Standard…a tall pole topped with a specialized symbol. • In battle, Standards helped keep units together during hectic battles where troops could get confused and lost on the battlefield.

22. Why was Rome so Strong • The Weapons of the Roman Legion • A soldiers armor was mode of iron strips joined together with leather ties. • The military issued Gladius hung at their side.

23. Why was Rome so Strong • The iron point on the Pilum was made to bend after the spear was thrown…preventing an enemy from using it. • Shields were made from sheets of wood glued together and covered with leather.

24. Why was Rome so Strong

25. Why was Rome so Strong • S.P.Q.R.is an Latin phrase used by the Roman military, SenātusPopulusqueRōmānus(For the Senate and People of Rome) • Referring to the government and people of the ancient Roman Republic,

26. Why was Rome so Strong • 5) Who had to by law serve in the Roman Republic’s military? • 6)What were the famous Roman Legions? • 7)What Specific weapons did the Roman Legionaries use? • 8)What does S.P.Q.R. stand for? (Bonus points for the Latin translation)

27. Why was Rome so Strong • 5) Who had to by law serve in the Roman Republic’s military? • Male, land owners • 6)What were the famous Roman Legions? • Soldiers divided into smaller troops, 60 to 120 men per legion. • 7)What Specific weapons did the Roman Legionaries use? • Gladuis, Pilum, Shields… • 8) What does S.P.Q.R.stand for? (Bonus points for the Latin translation) • SenātusPopulusqueRōmānus (For the Senate and People of Rome)

28. Shrewd Rulers • The Romans were not only great in battle but also extremely talented planners. • As they expanded throughout Italy, they built permanent military settlements in areas they conquered…to protect their new land

29. Shrewd Rulers • Next the Romans would build roads between the towns that their armies held. • These roads allowed troops to travel swiftly to anyplace within Rome’s growing territory.

30. Shrewd Rulers • To rule their new conquest, the Romans created the Roman Confederation… • This law gave full citizenship to some people, especially other Latin's that were defeated by Rome.

31. Shrewd Rulers • These new citizens could vote and serve in the government and they were treated the same as other citizens under the law. • Not everyone was granted citizenship…some were only granted the status of Allies.

32. Shrewd Rulers • Allies were free to run their own local affairs, but they had to pay taxes to the Republic and provide soldiers for the Roman Army. The Romans made it very clear that loyal allies could improve their position in Rome and even become citizens eventually.

33. Shrewd Rulers • With these policies, the Romans proved themselves clever leaders and fair rulers. • They knew that conquered peoples would be more loyal to the government if they were treated well.

34. Shrewd Rulers • Rome's generosity paid off and as a result the Republic grew stronger and more unified.

35. Shrewd Rulers • All the same, Rome was not afraid to use force if necessary. • If the conquered peoples revolted against Roman rule…their resistance was swiftly put down by Rome's superior military.

36. What did you learn ??? • Expository Writing: • Write a two paragraph essay discussing the reasons Rome was so successful in its conquest of Italy.