CRCT Language Arts Study Guide

1. Ms. Trice’s CRCT Study/ Review Guide Bring this packet to class with you everyday!

2. • Determine correct pronoun usage according to gender and case, such as: o nominative o reflexive o objective o indefinite o possessive • Analyze and differentiate between simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences • Eliminate fragments and run-ons • Analyze sentences for misplaced and dangling modifiers • Analyze sentences containing usage errors, such as: o subject-verb agreement o use of non-standard English o double negatives Determine correct usage of parts of speech in sentences, such as: o verbs (tenses, phrases, forms) o prepositions o nouns o conjunctions o adverbs o interjections o adjectives • Determine appropriate use of punctuation, such as: o use of colon o quotation marks o apostrophe o comma and semicolon • compound sentences • complex sentences • compound-complex sentences • split dialogue • Apply knowledge of appropriate use of capitalization skills, such as: o common proper nouns o proper adjectives o titles o direction as region • Determine correct spelling of grade-level words in the context of a sentence • Analyze and differentiate between the structures of a sentence, such as: o basic sentence parts o noun-adjective-adverb clauses and phrases What’s Covered on the CRCTLanguage Arts

3. Writing Analyze the organizational structure of a paragraph by determining the most appropriate pattern for a writing purpose, such as: o chronological order (sequence of events) o cause and effect o similarity and difference (compare and contrast) o posing and answering a question (question and answer) • Determine appropriate transition elements between paragraphs, passages, and ideas • Evaluate and determine relevant details and arguments • Evaluate and determine extraneous and inappropriate details • Determine appropriate topic sentences and supporting sentences/details • Distinguish between appropriate and inappropriate closing sentences • Reorganize sentences in a paragraph to achieve clarity • Determine correct point-of-view • Demonstrate knowledge of research by analyzing primary and secondary sources used to support writing, such as: o Internet o magazines o encyclopedia o newspaper o thesaurus o key words o almanac o book parts What’s on the CRCT?Writing

4. What’s on the CRCT?Reading Reading Analyze, to obtain information such as main idea, common textual features, such as: o paragraphs o topic sentences o concluding sentences o introduction o conclusion o footnotes o index o bibliography • Apply, analyze, and evaluate common organizational patterns and structures, such as: o graphic organizers o logical order o comparison and contrast o cause and effect relationships • Trace the development of the author’s argument, point of view, or perspective in text • Makes connections between messages and themes from one subject area to another • Examine the author’s purpose in writing • Recognize the features of nonfiction texts • Demonstrate understanding of and explain the use of a complex mechanical device by following technical directions • Apply information from a variety of consumer, workplace, and public documents such as job applications to explain a situation or decision and to solve a problem • Interpret and evaluate the various ways in which visual image makers communicate information and affect impressions and opinions

5. Set 1 1.Why is this a simple sentence? Jake and his dad were excited about their upcoming fishing trip. • It has one dependent clause. • It has one independent clause. • It has one independent clause and a dependent clause. • It has two independent clause. 2. What kind of sentence is this? Jake and his dad took off early that morning. • Simple • Compound • Complex • Compound-complex

6. Set 2 1.What is the independent clause in the sentence? While they were swapping stories , Jake got a nibble on his line. • While they were • While they were swapping stories • Jake got • Jake got a nibble on his line 2.Which of these is a complex sentence? • His dad ran down the river bank until he reached a bend in the river. • Ripping out of his hand, the pole swiftly floated down the river. • Jake and his dad were soon fishing at the river. • Jake’s dad leaned down, and he pulled it out the water.

7. Set 3 1.What would BEST replace the period and the word None to join these two sentence? They had known they shouldn’t stay out in the sun. None of them wanted to be the first to quit. • . Yet none • , yet none • ;Yet none • ;yet none 2. Why isn’t there a comma before the word and in this sentence? The friends scrambled for the golf carts and rode off the course. • The word and connects two predicates. • The word and connects to independent clauses. • The word and connects the words in a series • The word and indicates a transition.

8. Set 4 1.What does the adverb clause until her became an adult modify in this sentence? Luis new he would continue loving film until he became an adult. • Luis knew he would. • Would continue loving • Loving film • Became an 2.Which sentence has an essential adjective clause? • He hoped that day would come sooner rather than later. • Luis knew he would continue loving film until he became an adult. • Ever since he was a child he dreamed of making his own films, • He imagined a story where his little sister played a girl lost in the park.

9. Read the Passage then answer the following questions. Molly groaned as she read her science assignment: a four page report on the metamorphosis or a caterpillar into a butterfly.– with illustrations. “ Four pages! What’s that—about a million words?” Looking at the assignment over Molly’s shoulder, Molly’s dad tried to console her saying, “ That’s not an unreasonable assignment, if you get started immediately, you’ll be done in no time.” “It’ll take forever to get all of that information,” whined Molly, “ I have to get a good grade on the assignment. If I don’t I can’t try out for the school musical. I’ll die if I don’t get a starring role. “ Don’t be such a drama Queen,’ cautioned Dad. “ Come with me and I’ll show you some good websites to use. I’ll even let you use my new computer.”   Dragging her feet, Molly followed her dad into the den. He set up the computer and bookmarked appropriate sites. Reluctantly, Molly sat down and started scanning the sites. For the next two hours she turned totally deaf– hearing, neither the phone, nor the doorbell, nor her dad. Finally, Dad said, “Dinner’s ready so you can take a break now. Molly beamed and said, “ I don’t need a break because I’m finished! And my report is six pages long not just four!”

10. Set 5 1. Which phrase is a hyperbole? • Her science assignment • About a million words • Over Molly’s shoulder • Not unreasonable 2. This hyperbole is used to suggest that • Science reports should be given to good students • Caterpillars and butterflies are difficult science topics • Dad thinks the assignment is reasonable • Molly thinks the assignment is too long.

11. Set 6 (1)People who grow gardens know that in the fall, they need to prepare their plants for the next springtime. (2)They should remove dead or dying annual plants and turn the soil. (3) Of all my plants, I like the chrysanthemums best. (4)Adding ground-up leaves and compost to the soil will help new plants to grow in the spring.(5) For perennial plants that grow back every year, a thorough pruning will help to shape them, and putting mulch around their roots will both protect them from the cold and hold in moisture. 1. Which sentence should be removed from the paragraph? • Sentence 2 • Sentence 3 • Sentence 4 • Sentence 5 2. What does the perennial mean in sentence 5? • Plants that grow every year • New Plants • Dying Plants • Plants that only grow in the spring

12. Set 7 1. Where should the word “whimpering” belong in the sentence below? We found the puppy wandering down the street. • Before puppy • Before we • Between found and the • After street 2. In which part of the book would you find the page number of a specific topic? • Index • Glossary • Title page • acknowledgements

13. Set 8 1. Which sentence contains a misplaced modifier? • The light bulb in my flashlight burned out. • The fish in the aquarium were beautiful. • The man chased the bus in the hat • The pencil on the floor is Derrick’s. 2.Where does the phrase “with a crash” belong in the sentence below? Abby fell off her bike and scraped her knee with a crash. • Between back & and • Between scrapped and her • Between her and bike • Between Abby and fall

14. SET 9 1. Which sentence is punctuated correctly? • Katy watch out for the ice! • Look straight ahead, Cassie, when you are driving. • I told Bennett, he was a great kid. • Have fun Greg when you go on your trip 2. What BEST completes the following sentence? From ____ did you learn to knit so well? • Whom • You • Her • Who

15. Set 10 Which of these is spelled correctly and best replaces the underlined word. Just then, there father walked in with Brenda’s birthday cake. A. Their B. Thier C. They’re D. Theyre 2. What is the subject of the following sentence. Max helped Mary with her science homework. A. Mary B. Max C. Helped D. Homework

16. Set 11 What is the best way to replace the underlined phrase? 1.“Why should I wear a sweater?” grumbled the boy as his mother reminded him again of the cold weather. A ‘Why should I wear a sweater’? B “Why should I wear a sweater” C “Why should I wear a sweater”? D Leave as is. 2 What are the descriptive words in the sentence below? The Statue of Liberty stands tall and regal in New York City. A. Statue, stands B. Tall, regal C. Of, in D. Liberty, York

17. Set 12 1. What is the appositive in the sentence below. Most years, El Nino warning affects only the coasts of Peru and Ecuador, countries in south America. • Most years • Only the coast • Peru and Ecuador • Countries in South America 2. Which is a prepositional Phrase? • Along the coast • As scientists learn more about the global affects of El Nino • Dry regions were flooded • Some years

18. Set 13 Use the following paragraph to answer the attached question. In my opinion, Ms. Nolan, my science teacher, has the qualities that make a good role model. First of all, she is sincere and seems truly interested in helping her students to gain real interest in biology. She is also perceptive. She understands the difficulty some students have in grasping subject matter, so she makes every effort to make the material compelling and clear. Ms. Nolan is conscientious and reviews tests with her students so than can determine where an why they made errors. Which sentence helps to support the argument state in the above paragraph. • A lot of student find science to be an exciting challenge. • Ms. Nolan grades her papers with a thick red marker. • Ms, Nolan offers after school tutorials. • As a child, Ms. Nolan won an art contest in her hometown.

19. Set 14 Use the following paragraph to answer the attached question. Edgar Allen Poe’s poem, “The Raven” is an eerie poem about lost love and death. The raven represents the death and uncertainty the speaker must face. The repetition of the phrase, “never more’ haunts the speaker with the permanent loss of his lobe. The poems rhythm creates a pattern that cannot be escaped. 1. Which sentence should be used as a closing for this paragraph? • People like reciting this poem because it has some fun sounds. • The elements of the poem evoke a sense of darkness and uncertainty that keep the reader wondering long after reading it. • Edgar Allen Poe had an odd life, so it’s no wonder his poems are creepy. • You should read this poem if you like mournful poems. 2. What is a synonym for the underlined word, “eerie”? A:Happy C. Creepy B:Normal D. Conventional

20. Set 15 1. What is the best organizational structure for a how–to manual for installing a new heat pump? • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Chronological Order • Question and Answer 2. Kylie has gathered information, made an outline, and chosen an organizational structure, What should she do next in a research paper? • Write a final draft • Decide on hr topic • Write a rough draft • Create a works cited page

21. Set 16 1.Which word in the following sentence is the object of a preposition? The vacation week passed in a flash. • Week • Passed • In • Flash 2. Which word is an interjection in the sentence below? • Wow! Did you see how fast he hit that ball? • Wow! • See • How

22. Set 17 In the sentence below, what part of speech is the words studies? That group studies here everyday. • Noun • Verb • Adjective • Adverb 2. Which correction should be made to the following sentence? When Reba us feeling very sad her puppy always cheers her up. • Add a quotation mark before Reba. • Add a comma after sad. • Add a comma after always, • Change the period after up to a question mark.

23. Set 18 • Which sentence contains an error? • That was a disgusting sandwich! • Why are you crying over that silly movie? • Ask yourself whether or not you should make it a change. • Have you considered cleaning the oven. 2. Samuel needs to find several cities near Cairo, Egypt, Where should he look? • A thesaurus • An almanac • An encyclopedia • An atlas

24. Set 19 (1)Cave paintings have been found in France, Spain, Italy, and Russia. (2)The first humans lived in Africa and the Middle East scientists believe they will find more cave paintings in these parts of the world. (3) Many paintings are close to cave entrances; the painters needed sunlight to see what they were doing. (4)Some paintings have been found deep inside caves, and scientists have seen hints that the artists uses torches as light sources. Which sentence is a run-on sentence. • Sentence 1 • Senntence2 • Sentence 3 • Sentence 4 2. Why do scientists believe artists used torches as light sources? • Paintings are close to entrances. • B Paintings have been found deep in side caves. • The first humans lived in Africa and the Middle East • Cave paintings have been found in France, Spain, Italy, and Russia

25. Set 20 1. What type of phrase is underlined in the group of words. The elegant and graceful dancers awed the crowd. • Independent • Adjective • Adverb • Noun 2. In the sentence below which word is the subject? The squirrel dropped nuts on the way to the tree. • Squirrel • Nuts • Way • Tree

26. 1.Which statement is an example of a hyperbole? My brother hit me so hard that it made my ears ring. I had never heard my mom say anything like that before. I nearly ate my weight in popcorn chicken at the buffet. My allergies can get so bad that I can hardly breathe. Take caution, wayward seafarer,These waters are not the sameAs the one's across the hemisphereThat you have tried to tame.The waves will swell much higher,The wind will punch your bones,And the ocean will introduce youTo the locker of Davy Jones.Been years, I've manned this lighthouseAnd seen many a vessel head out.Never have I seen one returnWithout scars from a mighty bout.So take caution, wayward seafarer,It's your hide if you do not take heed.If you still want to brave this ocean,I'm wishing you Godspeed 2. Which line from the poem is an example of an object being personified? "If you still want to brave this ocean" "These waters are not the same" "The wind will punch your bones" "It's your hide if you do not take hee. Set 21

27. 1.Which sentence uses the underlined word correctly? A The dog happily wagged its tail as the girl approached. B Its never too late to share your ideas with the committee. C Its likely to rain today, so you better take your umbrella. D I am struggling with this math problem because its very difficult 2. Which idea is repeated in the paragraph? A The Swiss people make clocks out of wood. B The Swiss people carve their clocks by hand. C The Swiss people are famous for their clocks. D The Swiss people produce a variety of clocks. Set 22 For many years, Switzerland has been known all over the world for its cuckoo clocks, which are made out of wood. These timepieces are hand-carved from aged linden wood. Today these Swiss clocks come in all shapes and sizes.

28. 1. Which sentence uses the underlined word correctly? A The dog happily wagged its tail as the girl approached. B Its never too late to share your ideas with the committee. C Its likely to rain today, so you better take your umbrella. D I am struggling with this math problem because its very difficult. 2. Where does the semicolon belong in the sentence? The marching band will perform at Friday’s game however, they have not practiced at all this week. A after band B after perform C after game D after practiced Set 23

29. 2.What is the meaning of the word exclusions based on the information below? EXCLUSIONS This warranty does not cover machines damaged by: – incorrect setup or installation – poor maintenance – incorrect use (or abuse), including being hit, kicked, or dropped – acts of nature, such as fire, flooding, earthquakes, etc. A exceptions B corrections C inspections D substitutions Set 24 • 1.Which word BEST replaces the word authorized as it is used in the sentence? • Mechanical and electrical troubles are resolved at authorized repair shops. • A nearby • B capable • C official • D following

30. 1.Which change should be made in the sentence? Lakisha gave their speech before it was due. A change gave to give B change their to her C change speech to speeches D change due to do 2.Which sentence is written correctly? A Hosea told me the score of the game. B Hosea he told me the score of the game. C Hosea hisself told me the score of the game. D Hosea he himself told me the score of the game. Set 25