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Stem Rust Puccinia g raminis

Stem Rust Puccinia g raminis. Reagan Grabbe. Introduction. The importance of wheat Stem Rust: Puccinia graminis History and impact Causes and prevention. Wheat. First cereal cultivated Globally produced #1 source of vegetable protein worldwide. Stem Rust: Disease Profile.

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Stem Rust Puccinia g raminis

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  1. Stem RustPucciniagraminis Reagan Grabbe

  2. Introduction • The importance of wheat • Stem Rust: Pucciniagraminis • History and impact • Causes and prevention

  3. Wheat • First cereal cultivated • Globally produced • #1 source of vegetable protein worldwide

  4. Stem Rust: Disease Profile • A heteroecious obligate parasite • Ideal conditions: Hot daytime, mild night temps, and nighttime dew • Infection often transferred by “volunteer wheat”

  5. Red Pustules • Spikes = • aerodynamic

  6. History • Was an issue in U.S. in early 20th Century -average yield loss: 20-50% • Controlled by resistant genesstarting in the 1950’s -Resistance genes were identified and mapped • Fungicide, not globally available or as economic • Stem rust was controlled effectively

  7. Ug99 • Discovered in Uganda in 1999 • Majority of resistance genes not effective • Has since spread to East Africa and Iran (Cornell university)

  8. Potential Impact and Solutions • Efforts to evaluate wheat for susceptibility -In U.S. alone almost all spring wheat and ~75% of winter wheat • Research to mass introduce current effective genes • Continued research on the genetic variation of Pucciniagraminishost-pathogen co-evolution • Chemical measures for prevention

  9. Possible Causes • Over use of only a few resistance genes • Poor regulation of Ug99 in rural areas • Warmer winters allows for survival of bridge plants

  10. Sources • Admassu, B. W. Friedt, and Frank Ordon. “ Genetic Characterization of Pucciniagraminisf.sp.tritici populations from SSRs.” Journal of Phytopathology. 158 (2010): 806-812 • Admassu, B. V. lind, W. Friedt and F. Ordon. “Virulence analysis of Puccininagraminisf.sp. tritici populations in Etheopia with special consideration of Ug99.” Plant Pathology58(2009): 362-369 • Admasssu, B. Dragon Perovic, Wolfgang Friedt, and Frank Ordon. “Genetic mapping of the stem rust(Pucciniagraminisf.sp.tritici) resistance gene Sr31 in wheat” Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 122 (2011): 643-648 • Joshi, A.K., B. Mishera, R. Chatrath, G. Oritz Ferrara, and Ravi P. Singh. “Wheat Improvement in India: present status, emerging challenges and future prospects.”Euphytica157 (2007): 431-446

  11. Sources • Olson, Eric L., Gina Brown-Guerdira, David S. Marshall, Yue Jin, Mohamed MErgoum, IagoLowe, and Jorge Dubcovsky. “ Genotyping of U.S. Wheat Germplasm for Presence of Stem Rust Resistance Genes Sr24, Sr36, and Sr1RSAmigo.” Crop Science50 (2010): 668-675 • Schuman, G.L. and K.J. Leonard. “Stem Rust of Wheat.” The Plant Health Instructor. 10 (2005): 1094-2000. • Simons, Kristin, Zwedie Abate, Shiaoman Chao, Wenjun Zhang, Matt Rouse, Yue Jin, Elias Elias, and Jorge Dubcovsky. “Genetic Mapping of stem rust resistance gene Sr31in tetraploid wheat.” Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 122(2011): 649-658 • Smith, Julian J., Jeff Waange, James W. Woodhall, Sam J. Bishop, Nicola J. Spence. “The challenge of providing plant pest diagnostic services for Africa” European Journal of Plant Pathology. 121 (2008): 365-375 • Visser, Botma, LiezelHerselman, and Zacharia A Pretorius. “Genetic comparison of Ug99 with selected South African races of Pucciniagraminisf.sp.tritici” Molecular Plant Pathology. 10 (2009): 213-222 • Wu, Shuangye, Michael Pumphrey, and GuihuaBai. “Molecular mapping of stem-rust-resistance gene Sr40 in wheat.” Crop Science 49 (2009): 1681-1686 • Xu, S.S., Y. Jin, D.L. Klindworth, R.R.-C Wang, and X. Cai. “Evaluation and characterization of Seedling Resistance to Stem Rust Ug99 Races in Wheat-Alien Species Derivatives. Crop Science. 49 (2009): 2167-2175 Yu, Long-Xi, Sixin Liu, James A. Anderson, Ravi, P. Singh, Yue Jin, Jorge Dubcovsky, • Gina Brown-Guidera, Sridhar Bhavani, AlexeyMorgounov, Zhonghu He, Julio Huerta-Espino, and Mark E. Sorrells. “Haplotype diversity of stem rust resistance loci in uncharacterized wheat lines.” Molecular Breeding. 26 (2010): 667-680 “Collectively Facing an Ugly Rust.” Agricultural Research. 2009: 22-23.

  12. QUESTIONS?Comments?

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