Stabilized Approaches and Go-Arounds

1. Stabilized Approaches and Go-Arounds Prof. H. Paul Shuch, Ph.D., CFII, DPE LSRM-A/GL/WSC/PPC, iRMT Heavy Chief Flight Instructor, Director of Maintenance AvSport of Lock Haven FAA Safety Team Lead Representative Piper Memorial Airport, Lock Haven PA

2. An FAA Safety Team WINGS Award Webinar

3. Brought to you by: • Experimental Aircraft Association • Aircraft Spruce and Specialty Company • AvSport of Lock Haven • Your FAA Safety Team

4. OVERVIEW: Statistics show that 47% of all General Aviation accidents, and 40% of fatalities, occur during the final approach and landing phases of flight. In this FAA Safety Team WINGS Award webinar, Prof. Shuch discusses the two best tools to avoid such accidents: stabilized approaches, and properly executed go-arounds. Tune in now, to learn how to prevent landing accidents.

5. OBJECTIVES:Upon successful completion of this webinar, you will: • Fly approaches at a stabilized airspeed • Maintain an appropriate rate of descent • Gauge and control your touchdown point • Ensure alignment with the runway centerline • Know when to go around • Know how to go around

6. Fatal Loss of Control Accidents

7. LOC Working Group findings Lack of single – pilot CRM skills Unstabilized approaches Inappropriate go-around procedures Flight after extended periods of not flying Insufficient transition training Over reliance on automation Flight after use of drugs Lack of Aeronautical Decision Making Skills

8. Quiz Time!

9. Stabilized approaches are essential to safe _____ flying • advanced • instrument • student • VFR • all of the above

10. Stabilized approaches are essential to safe _____ flying • advanced • instrument • student • VFR • all of the above

11. Instrument vs. VFR

12. Parameters: IFR • Stabilized by 1000 feet above touchdown elevation. • On correct flight path • Small corrections to maintain • On speed • Recommended approach speed • +10/-5 knots or MPH • Descent • On Glide Slope/VASI • 500 fpm or less • In landing configuration • Landing checklist complete

13. Parameters: VFR • Stabilized by 500 feet above touchdown elevation. • On correct flight path • Small corrections to maintain • On speed • Recommended approach speed • +10/-5 knots or MPH • Descent • On Glide Slope/VASI • 500 fpm or less • In landing configuration • Landing checklist complete

14. Parameters: VFR and IFR • In addition to the parameters on the previous 2 slides think Go Around and make that part of your approach briefing. • Go Around/Missed Approach Procedures. • Frequency after declaring intentions, Destination? • VOR, NDP, Intersection. Heading, Altitude, Power Setting. • A stabilized approach will give you the time to plan for a Go Around as well as you planned for your Initial T/O.

15. RTFM • AFM (POH or AOI) • Performance Charts • Speeds for safe operation • Emergency procedures • Systems

16. Doh!

17. Once you initiate a go-around, you can change your mind: • only once • never • in order to salvage the landing • if conditions improve • as often as necessary

18. Once you initiate a go-around, you can change your mind: • only once • never • in order to salvage the landing • if conditions improve • as often as necessary

19. Destabilizing Factors • Excessive Speed • Excessive Altitude • Maneuvering • ATC and traffic

20. It’s hard to say “unable” • Skilled • Competent • Adaptable • Accommodating • Rise to the Occasion • Mission Oriented • Git ‘er done

21. CFIs: Part of the Problem • Taking control can: • Salvage the landing or approach • Save time and money • Keep the training on schedule • Impress the student • And maybe even the boss • But, it may send the wrong message • Let the student go around, and then • Validate their good judgment

22. So when should I go around? • Whenever the approach becomes unstable • At or below 1000 ft – IFR • At or below 500 ft – VFR • Whenever a landing can’t be made • Runway out of service • Traffic on runway • Make the decision early • Stick to it • Changing your mind is destabilizing

23. Another Question!

24. Flight instructors should take over and salvage an unstabilized approach • With pre-solo students only • With IFR students only • Never • Always • When training new instructors

25. Flight instructors should take over and salvage an unstabilized approach • With pre-solo students only • With IFR students only • Never • Always • When training new instructors

26. So how should I go around? PRIORITIZE!

27. Go-Around and Missed Approach Priorities • Aviate • Maintain aircraft control • Arrest descent • Apply climb or level flight power • When you have a positive rate of climb, configure flaps, gear, etc. for climb or level flight.

28. Go-Around and Missed Approach Priorities • Navigate • IFR, Continue to missed approach • point, and then • Fly the missed approach procedure or • Follow ATC instructions • VFR Continue to runway threshold & • climb to pattern altitude, then • Maneuver to remain in or re-enter pattern, or • Follow ATC instructions

29. Go-Around and Missed Approach Priorities • Communicate • IFR • Tower or CTAF • ATC – state intentions • VFR • Tower or CTAF • Traffic call – state intentions

30. I know this one!

31. The order of priority in executing a missed approach or go-around should be: • go around early and often • fly the aircraft first • aviate, communicate, navigate • aviate, navigate, communicate • communicate, aviate, navigate

32. The order of priority in executing a missed approach or go-around should be: • go around early and often • fly the aircraft first • aviate, communicate, navigate • aviate, navigate, communicate • communicate, aviate, navigate

33. Automation Dependency

34. Automation Dependency • Something to consider when flying a “glass cockpit”: • As Situational Awareness increases with Automation, Stick and Rudder proficiency can deteriorate due to “letting George do it” • Hand Fly Departures and Arrivals whenever possible

35. Asiana Airlines Flight 214 Associated Press image

36. Executing a Safe Go-Around • initiate at first sign of instability • smoothly apply full (or takeoff) power • rudder to keep pointing straight • pitch to normal climb attitude • gradually clean up aircraft

37. Final Question!

38. Good practices to achieve stability are: • manage distractions • seek refresher training • preset frequencies • participate in FAA WINGS program • all of the above

39. Good practices to achieve stability are: • manage distractions • seek refresher training • preset frequencies • participate in FAA WINGS program • all of the above

40. Tips and Tricks • PLAN for the missed approach or go around • Preset the frequencies you’ll need • Manage Distractions • Practicemissed approaches & go-arounds • So that they become second nature. • Seek refresher training • Annually • Wings Pilot Proficiency Program • When returning to flying after period of inactivity

41. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The presenter thanks the General Aviation Joint Steering Committee (GAJSC) for providing materials used in this Webinar.

43. EAA.ORG/WEBINARS

44. AvSport.org/webinars

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46. To request FAA Safety Team WINGS or AMT Award credit, see: AvSport.org/webinars/credit.htm

47. My Upcoming EAA Webinars • 13 May 2020, 8 PM EDT • Operation at Towered Airports • 8 July 2020, 8 PM EDT • Fast Track to Experimental • 9 September 2020, 8 PM EDT • Keeping your Rotax 912 Alive