History and Approaches

1. History and Approaches Review AP Psychology

2. It’s Your Turn • Grab a partner--you may only work in pairs. • Decide who will be “A” and who will be “B” -- “B” must turn your back so that you cannot see the screen. • When the next slide is revealed, there will be a topic. Participant “A” will describe to partner “B” the list of eight items that will be shown. When “B” has identified all eight terms on the list, shout “Done!” • “A” can use a list, describing words, hand signals, acting out, etc. “A” can do whatever is necessary for “B” to identify the words (except use parts of the work or tell them the words). • When the next slide is revealed, both “A” and “B” can see the topic. Partner “B” should then turn your back before the word list is revealed.

3. Schools and Historical Approaches to Psychology

4. Functionalism Psychoanalytical Behavioral Structuralism Gestalt Psychology

5. Schools and Historical Approaches to Psychology

6. Biological View The Humanistic Evolutionary View Developmental The Cognitive Sociocultural

7. Types of Psychologists

8. Sports Psychologist Neuropsychologist School Psychologist Psychometricians Counseling Psychologist Health Psychologist Experimental Psychologist Educational Psychologist

9. Types of Psychologists

10. Social Psychologist Rehabilitation Psychologists Personality Psychologist Forensic Psychologist Engineering Psychologist Industrial/Organizational Psychologist Developmental Psychologist Clinical Psychologist

11. History and Approaches • Evolutionary • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Socialcultural • Behavioral

12. By helping each other, we are more likely to survive and reproduce. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

13. Unconscious sexual motivation prompts our willingness to help others. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

14. A specific brain region underlies our experience of empathy for persons in distress. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

15. We are most likely to help those we perceive as similar to ourselves and whom we believe deserve our assistance. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

16. By helping others, we achieve a better sense of self-fulfillment and self-actualization. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

17. The willingness of people to help varies greatly across the world’s societies. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

18. Children who have been rewarded for helpful behavior are more likely to be helpful in future interpersonal interactions. • Biological • Psychodynamic • Cognitive • Humanistic • Evolutionary • Socialcultural • Behavioral

19. According to your text, the best definition of psychology is_________. • The understanding of unconscious processes • The study of the human mind • The scientific study of human behaviors • The exploration of personality traits • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

20. The empirical approach to psychological research is best reflected in which of the following statements. • There are many specialties within the field of psychology • A psychological study is conducted through careful observation and scientifically-based research. • Observable behavior is more important than mental processes • People can interpret research in different ways • The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

21. Dr. Smith works at a research facility where her team is trying to establish a link between a specific protein and a specific mental illness. Dr. Smith is engaged in which type of professional psychology? • Experimental psychology • Applied psychology • Teaching psychology • Parapsychology • Pseudo-psychology

22. Dr. Lee is a medical doctor who works in a hospital setting and specializes in diagnosing and treating people with psychological disorders. He can prescribe medication to help in the treatment of mental disorders. Dr. Lee is most likely a(n)______________. • Biological psychologist • Psychiatrist • Mental health counselor • Experimental psychologist • Developmental psychologist

23. Dr. Jones, a developmental psychologist, has read a recent research article about children’s taste preferences, which concluded that most children do not like to eat very spicy foods. When the nearby nursery school asked her advice about what to prepare for the children’s snacks, Dr. Jones suggested not including and spicy foods. Dr. Jones is practicing _____________ psychology? • Teaching • Experimental • Applied • Descriptive • Child

24. The contemporary view of psychology has evolved from all fields of study with the exception of the field of __________. • Economics • Chemistry • Physics • Philosophy • Biology

25. Most psychologist consider the era of modern psychology to have begun with which of the following events? • Sigmund Freud begins practicing self-analysis in 1897 • Wilhelm Wundt established a research lab to study the structures of the mind in 1879 • William James textbook, Principle of Psychology, in published in 1889 • John Watson and Rosalie Rayner conduct the “Little Albert Experiment” in 1920

26. Functionalism is the historical school of psychology that focused on its attention on _____________. • unconscious processes and their effect on behavior • cognitive associations and how those impact learned actions • the effect of the relationships between parents and children on behavior • the belief that mental processes could best be understood in terms of their adaptive purpose and function

27. The behaviorist movement believed that psychology should focus on ____________. • Dreams • The totality of mental process • Observable actions and associations • Reflexes • Genetics and biology

28. Wundt’s technique of reporting one’s conscious mental experiences is known as ____________. • Introspection • Structuralism • Functionalism • Psychodynamism • Humanism

29. An introspective look at the Necker Cube illustrates that humans do not sense the world as it really is because_________________. • humans add personal interpretations to experiences • the unconscious mind guides all of our perceptions • only learned association have meaning to an individual • our free will biases our perceptions of the world • behavior and mental processes are not related to perceptual processes

30. Dr. Ortiz studies the effect of neurotransmitter, chemicals that are secreted in the brain, on human behavior. She is best described as a(n)____________psychologist. • Cognitive • Developmental • Evolutionary • Sociocultural • Biological

31. Dr. Amarosa is studying the relationship between the color of words presented to person and the quantity of the words the person remembers. He is best described as a(an)_________ psychologist. • Cognitive • Developmental • Evolutionary • Sociocultural • Biological

32. Dr. Schulman believes that human behavior is generated in our unconscious minds and is the result of unresolved conflicts and desires. She views human behavior and mental processes from the _____________ perspectives. • Cognitive • Humanistic • Psychodynamic • Behaviorist • Biological

33. Which of the following statements best describes modern psychology? • Psychology is diverse field that examines issues from several perspectives • Psychology is not a valid scientific field of study • Anyone with only a bachelor’s degree can be a psychologist • Psychology only explores observable actions • Psychology only concentrates on mental processes