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PERCEPTION!

PERCEPTION!. Our Essential Questions. How does perception influence our perspectives? What is the Gestalt perspective? What are the various types of perceptions we have?. Perception. The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation

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PERCEPTION!

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  1. PERCEPTION!

  2. Our Essential Questions • How does perception influence our perspectives? • What is the Gestalt perspective? • What are the various types of perceptions we have?

  3. Perception • The process of integrating, organizing, and interpreting sensation • Sensation is the stimulation, perception is the interpretation

  4. What do you think this mental integration, organization and interpretation is influenced by?

  5. Perceptions influenced by: ----Motivation ----Values ----Expectations ----Experience ----Culture ----Cognitive Style ----Personality

  6. Perceptual Constancy • We perceive objects as unchanging despite changes in retinal image • color/ brightness • shape • size

  7. The door changes shape, but you know that it doesn’t really change

  8. Visual capture • tendency for vision to dominate the other senses

  9. Gestalt Psychology • “unified whole” • Whole>sum of its parts • If we break experiences into their basic parts, something important is lost

  10. What do you see here?

  11. What do you see here?

  12. cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt!

  13. Gsaeltt pysolgchoy epxanlis why taetlned eodtirs msis ebmarsasrnig tpyos. Our mnid prerefs "ctrorecing" waht we altclauy see.

  14. Dyslexia: inability to revisualize the gestalt of the word • Is this a problem with sensation or perception?

  15. Can you remember? • 836492059

  16. How’d you do? • 836492059

  17. Grouping • tendency to organize stimuli into groups • Aka “chunking” • Patterns, shapes, forms • How many #s can we remember?

  18. So how do we group? • Similarity • Proximity • Continuity • Closure

  19. Grouping - Similarity • The tendency to place items that look similar into a group

  20. Grouping - Proximity • The tendency to place objects that are physically close to each other in a group

  21. Grouping - Continuity • The tendency to follow a line and continue along the simplest, smoothest path

  22. Grouping - Closure • The tendency to fill in gaps in a perceptual field

  23. Perceptual Set • a bias or readiness to perceive certain aspects of available sensory data and to ignore others • Stereotypes?

  24. Depth Perception • ability to see objects in 3D • allows us to judge distance

  25. Let’s try it! • Binocular vs. monocular…which one’s better? • With both eyes open, touch your index fingers together in front of your face. • Now close one eye and try. • Try at different distances.

  26. Depth Perception: Binocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

  27. Depth Perception – Binocular Cues • Retinal disparity: differences between 2 images of 1 scene • most effective when the item is quite close to the person

  28. Depth Perception – Binocular Cues • Convergence: 2 eyes focusing on the same object creates tension • The more tension, the closer the object • Works best at close distances

  29. Depth Perception: Monocular Depth Cues Module 10: Perception

  30. Depth Perception - Monocular Cues • Relative size: Using the perceived size of a familiar object to determine depth • The larger the object appears, the closer the object is to the viewer

  31. Depth Perception - Monocular Cues • Relative motion: when moving, we can determine depth by focusing on a distant object • Aka motion parallax • http://psych.hanover.edu/krantz/motionparallax/motionparallax.html

  32. Relative Motion

  33. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Figure-ground: tendency to organize stimuli into objects (the figures) that stand out from their surrounding (the ground) • figure = object (s) that draws one’s attention • ground = background

  34. What is the figure, and what is the background here?

  35. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Interposition/Overlap: closer object blocks distant object

  36. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Relative clarity: distant objects are less clear than nearby objects • Texture gradient: distant objects have a smoother texture than nearby objects

  37. Depth Perception – Monocular Cues • Relative height: distant objects appear higher in your field of vision than do closer objects • Linear perspective: parallel lines appear to converge in the distance • horizon

  38. Let’s Wrap Up • Explain the following: “Everyday experience is not a literal transcript of the world, but an ongoing process of construction by the mind.” • How does perception influence our perspectives?

  39. images that differ from objective reality

  40. Illusions • Stroboscopic motion: timed flashing lights that gives the illusion of movement

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