Energy Systems for Exercise

1. Energy Systemsfor Exercise Presenter: Ms. Lea Green

2. The human body is made to move in many ways: • Quick and powerful • Graceful & coordinated • Sustained for many hours And is dependent upon the capacity to produce energy

3. We have a great amount of diversity • Quick movements-lasts a few seconds • Reduced speed-lasts for several minutes • Reduced intensity(50%)-lasts for several hours The body uses different energy systems for each activity

4. Cells in the body need energy to functionFOOD=ENERGY (E)

5. Cells don’t get Energy directly from food, it must be broken down into:ATP-Adensosine TRIphosphateATP = a form of energy one can immediately use, it is needed for cells to function & muscles to contract

6. Carbohydrates Fats Proteins Glucose Fatty acids Amino Acids Nutrients that give us energy: Digestion Absorbed into the blood & transported to cells (muscle, liver & nerve) They are used to produce ATP or stored

7. ATP is stored in small amounts, therefore the rest is stored as: • Glucose = Glycogen (muscle & liver) • Fatty Acids = Body fat • Amino Acids = Growth, repair or excreted as waste

8. Predominant Energy Pathways • ATP (2-3 seconds) • ATP-CP Energy System (8-10 seconds) • Anaerobic Energy System (2-3 minutes) • Aerobic Energy System (3 minutes +)

9. 0 sec 4 sec 10 sec 1.5 min 3 min + Strength – Power:power lift, shot put, golf swing Sustained Power:sprints, fast breaks, football Anaerobic Power – Endurance:200-400 m dash, 100 m swim Aerobic Endurance:Beyond 800 m run Immediate/short-term Aerobic-oxidativenon-oxidative systems system

10. ATP-CP Energy System ATP is stored in the muscle & liver for “Quick Energy” Nerve impulses trigger breakdown of ATP into ADP ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate & 1 Phosphate The splitting of the Phosphate bond = Energy for work Ex. Muscle Contraction, Moving hand from a hot stove, Jumping & Throwing

11. The ATP Molecule a. Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) P Adenosine P P b. The breakdown of ATP: P Adenosine P P Energy Energy for cellular function ATP = ADP + energy for biological work + P(ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate)

12. For contractions to continue… ATP must be REBUILT This comes from the splitting of CP (Creatine Phosphate a Hi energy source, automatic) When ATP is used – it is rebuilt – as long as there is CP Energy released from CP breaking down, resynthesizes the ADP & P

13. REMEMBER – only small amounts of ATP are stored = only 2-3 sec. of Energy ATP-CP = 8-10 sec. of Energy The usefulness isn’t the AMOUNT of Energy but the QUICK & POWERFUL movements For longer periods of work = The Aerobic & Anaerobic Energy System must be utilized

14. The Immediate Resynthesis of ATP by CP a. Creatine Phosphate (CP) Creatine P High energy bond b. CP = Creatine + energy for resynthesis of ATP +P Creatine P Energy c. ADP + energy from CP + P = ATP (reversal of ATP = ADP + P + energy for work) P Adenosine P P

15. Anaerobic Energy System • Without oxygen = Activities that require a large burst of energy over a short period of time • Anaerobic Glycolysis = Production of ATP from Carbohydrates without oxygen (breakdown of glucose)

16. Since glycogen is stored in the muscle & liver, it is available quickly This system provides ATP when ATP-CP runs out Again, ATP-CP lasts for a few seconds, the Anaerobic Energy System allows for 2-3 minutes of work

17. The process to produce ATP is not as fast as ATP-CP, which makes muscle contraction slower • When oxygen is not present the end product of glycolisis is lactic acid, which causes the muscles to fatigue • Anaerobic Glycolisis is less efficient in producing ATP than Aerobic Glycolisis, BUT is needed for a large burst of energy lasting a few minutes

18. Without Oxygen Glucose = 2ATP + 2LA (digested component of carbohydrates) Glycogen = 3ATP + 2LA (the storage form of glucose)

19. With Oxygen Glucose + O2 = 36ATP + H2O + CO2 Fatty Acids + O2 = 129ATP Body Fat is a great source of ENERGY

20. Oxygen Deficit = The body can not supply enough O2 to the muscles that the muscles demand • When the muscle does not get enough oxygen, exhaustion is reached causing immediate and involuntary reduction in intensity • Oxygen Debt = “pays back” the deficit • recovery time

21. Aerobic Energy System With Oxygen = Using large muscle groups continuously over a period of time Aerobic Glycolisis & Fatty Acid Oxidation = The production of ATP from Carbohydrates & Fat

22. O2 enters the system, stopping the breakdown of glycogen to lactic acid • With oxygen, glycogen breaks down into: ATP + CO2 + H20 • These byproducts are easier to get rid of • CO2 is expelled by the lungs • H20 is used in the muscle

23. 4.Anaerobic Energy System = Carbohydrates are the only fuel source 5.With prolonged exercise, Carbohydrates are the first fuel choice, as exercise continues, FAT becomes predominant 6.Protein is not a main fuel source except in an emergency

24. Each system plays an important role in energy production • This gives us a variety of movements • The systems interact to supply Energy for the activity

25. Examples Anaerobic 70-80% Anaerobic Aerobic 20-30% Aerobic Wt. Training Stop & Go Sports Jogging Gymnastics Tennis Marathons Football Soccer Cycling Baseball Field Hockey Aerobic Dance

26. Shelton StateWellness CenterPED 223Methods of Instruction