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Respiratory System. Parts of the Respiratory System. The respiratory system has ciliated cells The lungs are the organ in which this system functions This system keeps the human body alive and running by oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide
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Parts of the Respiratory System • The respiratory system has ciliated cells • The lungs are the organ in which this system functions • This system keeps the human body alive and running by oxygenating the blood and removing carbon dioxide • The function is to transport gases to and from the circulatory system
Mechanics of Breathing • Breathing is a reaction due to changes of pressure in the thorax. • External respiration in some organisms includes inhaling and exhaling • Humans use the nose, mouth, trachea, lungs, and diaphragm to breathe • The diaphragm is a sheet of muscles that lies across the bottom of the chest cavity and pumps carbon dioxide out of the lungs and pump oxygen in • When the diaphragm contracts it breathes in oxygen and when it relaxes it breathes out the carbon dioxide
Alveolus • Alveolus is any of the tiny air cells and lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged • We need this in our body to live or there would be too much carbon dioxide and no oxygen in the lungs • The alveoli have walls that are only one cell thick and are called the respiratory surface • This covers about 70 square meters and is surrounded by the capillaries
Alveoli and Capillaries • Alveoli are the tiny air cells of the lungs where carbon and oxygen are exchanged • Capillaries are the arterioles that branch into a network of other tiny vessels • The alveoli are surrounded by the capillaries. The capillaries allow for the exchange of oxygen and other gases. • The imbalance in the exchange of these gases can lead to dangerous respiratory disorders.
Ciliated Epithelium • Ciliated Epithelium is a lining on the respiratory passage that defends against infections of the airways. • Smoking breaks down the cilia and slowly wears it away. • Epithelium is a basic type of animal tissue, nervous tissue, and connective tissue • Other functions include absorption, transcellular transport, and detection of sensation
Larynx and Pharynx • Larynx is the organ of voice • Placed at the upper part of the air passage • Forms the lower anterior wall of the pharynx • The pharynx acts as a passageways for food on its way to the stomach and air enroot to the lungs. • The larynx joins the trachea and is located directly under the pharynx • Its formed from pieces of cartilage bound together by ligaments • Air is drawn from the pharynx to the larynx
Skin’s Role • Skin contains sensory receptors that monitor the external environment and mechanisms that rid the body of wastes • Plants also have respiratory systems but the directionality of gas exchange can be opposite to that in animals • Respiration helps prevent the dehydration
Inherited Disorders • Cystic fibrosis is a disease passed down through families that cause thick sticky mucous to build up in the lungs, digestive tract, and other areas of the body • It is one of the most common chronic diseases in children and young adults and it is a life-threatening disorder • Another one is the Cardiac Asthma occurs in left ventricular heart failure and must be distinguished from bronchial asthma
Bibliography • "Diseases & Disorders of the Respiratory System." IvyRose Holistic : Holistic Health, Alternative Medicine, Human Biology, Anatomy & Physiology and Chemistry Study Pages. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. <http://www.ivy-rose.co.uk/HumanBody/Respiratory/Respiratory_Conditions.php>. • "Respiratory System Information." University of Pennsylvania Health System | Penn Medicine. Web. 15 Dec. 2011. http://www.pennmedicine.org/health_info/body_guide/reftext/html/resp_sys_fin.html • Holt, Rineheart and Winston: Modern Biology