Pertemuan 12 Hardware: Output Devices

1. Pertemuan 12Hardware: Output Devices Matakuliah : T0604-Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Tahun : 2008 Versi : 2.0/0.0 Sumber: Chapter 5. Hardware: Input & Output, p.251 Williams, B.K, Stacy C. Sawyer (2007). Using Information Technology: A Practical Introduction to Computers & Communications. Seventh Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York. ISBN-13: 978-0-07-110768-6

2. Learning Outcomes Pada akhir pertemuan ini, diharapkan mahasiswa akan mampu : • menjelaskan jenis-jenis dan kegunaan peralatan output serta cara kerjanya; aspek kesehatan dari peralatan input/output; masa depan teknologi input/output (C2)

3. Outline Materi • Output Hardware • I/O Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics • Future of Input & Output

4. Output Hardware • Output Hardware • Devices that translate information processed by the computer into a form humans can understand • Translates binary into words, numbers, sounds, and pictures 5-4

5. Output Hardware • Softcopy • Data that is shown on a display screen or is in audio or voice form; exists electronically • Output that is ephemeral in nature • Hardcopy • Printed and film output • Output that is more permanent in nature 5-5

6. Output HardwareDisplay Screens • Making a good choice when choosing a display • Dot pitch (dp) is the amount of space between adjacent pixels (picture elements) on screen • The closer the pixels, the crisper the image • Get .25 dp or better • Resolution refers to the image sharpness • The more pixels the better the resolution • Expressed in dots per inch (dpi) • Color depth or bit depth is the number of bits stored in a dot • The higher the number the more true the colors • 24-bit color depth is better than 8-bit color depth • Refresh rate is the number of times per second the pixels are recharged – a higher rate gives less flicker 5-6

7. Output HardwareMonitors • Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube used in a computer or terminal display screen • Watch the PC ads to make sure your monitor is included • Flat panel displays are made of 2 plates of glass separated by a layer of liquid crystals that line up to transmit or block light • Preferable to CRTs because they take up less room on the desktop • Latency problems make them less desirable for online games players 5-7

8. Video Standard SVGA XGA SXGA UXGA QXGA Principal resolution (pixels) 800 x 600 1024 x 768 1280 x 1024 1600 x 1200 2048 x 1536 Output HardwareMonitors 5-8

9. Impact Printers Laser Printers Inkjet Printers Thermal Printers Form characters or images by striking a print hammer or wheel against an ink ribbon Dot matrix printers Use drums and toner like in photocopiers Page Description Language (PDL) PostScript and PCL are PDL types Produce crisp, professional pages Spray ink from 4 nozzles at high speed Quiet, inexpensive color printers Often less precise than laser printers Low to medium resolution printers that use thermal paper that darkens in time Output HardwarePrinters 5-9

10. Output HardwarePlotters • A specialized output device designed to produce large high-quality graphics in a variety of colors • The earliest output device that could produce graphics • Pen plotters use one or more colored pens • Electrostatic plotters lie partially flat on a table and use toner like photocopiers • Large-format plotters are large-scale inkjet printers used by graphic artists 5-10

11. Output HardwareMixed Output • Sound output • You need a sound card and sound software • Good equipment can produce very high-quality 3-D sound • Voice Output • TTS systems (text to speech) are becoming popular • Requires a sound card and speakers with TTS software • Video Output • Requires a powerful processor and a video card • Video files are large, so a lot of storage is needed too. 5-11

12. I/O Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics • PCs impact health • Overuse injuries and repetitive stress injuries • Result when muscle groups are forced through fast, repetitive motions • May effect data-entry operators who average 15,000 keystrokes an hour • May effect PC users whose monitor, keyboard, and workstation are not arranged for comfort • Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, caused by short repetitive movement • Computer vision syndrome is eyestrain, headaches, and double vision caused by improper use of computer display screens 5-12

13. I/O Quality of Life: Health & Ergonomics • Ergonomics is the methodology of designing a workplace to make working conditions and equipment safer and more efficient • Keyboards must be placed at the correct height depending on each worker’s size • Monitor refresh rates must be fast enough to avoid eyestrain • Monitor heights must be correct for comfortable viewing • Sound-muffling should be used for loud printers to reduce workplace noise • Wrist rests may help avoid carpal tunnel syndrome 5-13

14. Future of Input and Output • This is a fruitful area for research, including • Intelligent sensors • More data input from remote locations • More source data automation • Input help for the disabled • More sophisticated touch devices • Better speech recognition • Improved digital cameras • Gesture recognition 5-14

15. Future of Input and Output • This is a fruitful area for research, including • Pattern-recognition and biometric devices • Brainwave devices • Better and cheaper display screens • Improved video on PCs • 3-Dimensional output • Miniaturization for improved data transfer speeds to I/O devices 5-15

16. Kesimpulan