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Understanding the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex Dynamics

Explore the intricate functions and connections of the thalamus and cerebral cortex, from sensory relay stations to hemispheric specialization. Dive into the topography, nuclear masses, and cortical cytoarchitecture influencing higher brain functions.

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Understanding the Thalamus and Cerebral Cortex Dynamics

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  1. Thalamus&Cerebral Cortex Avinash Bharadwaj ANHB 2217 – 2006

  2. The Diencephalon • Thalamus • A miniature brain! • Hypothalamus • Visceral, limbic and neuroendocrine functions • Epithalamus • Pineal • “Metathalamus” • Really, a part of the thalamus – special sensory functions • Subthalamus • Part of motor control systems, between thalamus and midbrain.

  3. The Thalamus • Part of the diencephalon • Topographically • Between midbrain and the cerebral cortex • Major ascending and descending fibre systems : • Internal capsule  corona radiata • Relationship with corpus striatum

  4. Topography

  5. Nuclear Masses • Internal medullary lamina • Anterior • Lateral • Dorsal and posterior • Pulvinar • Medial • Geniculate bodies • Reticular nuclei • Terminology and problems…! • Miniature brain

  6. Nuclear Masses • Ventral posterior • Sensory relay station • Somatic, taste, vestibular • VP-M (Head), VP-L • Somatotopism • VL • Aff : Cerebellum, pallidum • Eff : Motor areas • VA • Pallidum, motor cortex • Posterior (incl pulvinar) and intralaminar • Pain perception

  7. Nuclear Masses • LP • Somatosensory association cortex • Limbic Connections • MD, LD, Anterior • LGB • Visual pathway • MGB • Auditory pathway

  8. Cerebral Cortex • General topography – lobes, gyri, sulci • Functional localisation • Blood supply and its implications • Histology • Neuron types • Layers • Connections • “Cortical cytoarchitecture” • Cortex and higher functions, hemispheric specialisation…

  9. General Topography • Frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes • “Limbic lobe and system” • Lateral, central, calcarine and other sulci • Lab exercises and website.

  10. Functional Localisation • General sensory • Motor – Frontal lobe and others • Auditory – temporal lobe • Visual – occipital lobe • Language areas • Sensory integration • Sounds and sights, words and concepts • Motor speech area

  11. A C A M C A P C A Localisation and Blood Supply Map functional areas! Last Slide

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