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Pre-Columbian Americas to 1600

Pre-Columbian Americas to 1600. The First Immigrants Arrive. How did early man come to North America?. What obstacles did Paleo-Indians face?. Ice walls eventually warmed and natives fanned out over North America Paleo-Indian bands begin around 13,000 B.C .

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Pre-Columbian Americas to 1600

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  1. Pre-Columbian Americas to 1600

  2. The First Immigrants Arrive How did early man come to North America?

  3. What obstacles did Paleo-Indians face? • Ice walls eventually warmed and natives fanned out over North America • Paleo-Indian bands begin around 13,000 B.C. • Natives lived in bands of 15 to 50 Mile High Ice Walls in Alaska

  4. Key Terms: • Bering Strait • Beringia • Ice Age Why did they migrate?

  5. Distinctive Weapon: Fluted Points

  6. Indian Farmers Cultivate the Southwest -pueblos Housing? Society? What happened to them?

  7. The Northernmost part of North America -Inuit -Food? -Housing?

  8. Plains Indians Track Buffalo -Cheyenne and Sioux

  9. Eastern Woodlands -The Iroquois -Society? The League of the Iroquois: the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca

  10. The Southeastern Indians • Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Creeks, Seminoles • Pyramids

  11. Reasons for Exploration

  12. The UltimateReasons to Explore…. The Three G’sGoldGodGlory and S

  13. English Colonists Arrive Virginia

  14. Jamestown Settlement, 1607

  15. English Colonization • The Charter of the Virginia Company: • Guaranteed to colonists the same rights as Englishmen as if they had stayed in England. • This provision was incorporated into future colonists’ documents. • Colonists felt that, even in the Americas, they had the rights of Englishmen!

  16. Chesapeake Bay What were the geographic and environmental problems?

  17. Captain John Smith:The Right Man for the Job?? • 1609: John Smith provided some leadership • “If you do not work, you do not eat! • Chief Powhatan provides crucial assistance! • When Smith return to England after an accident the colony, the colony is again reduced to extreme want! “There was no talk…but dig gold, wash gold, refine gold, load gold…”

  18. Pocahontas "Having feasted him . . . A long consultation was held, but the conclusion was, two great stones were brought before Powhatan: then as many as could lay hands on him, dragged him to them, and thereon laid his head, and being ready with their clubs, to beate out his braines, Pocahontas the Kings dearest daughter, when no intreaty could prevaile, got his head in her armes, and laid her owne upon his to save him from death: whereat the Emperour [Powhatan] was contented he should live to make him hatchets, and her bells, beads, and copper . . .“ -Captain John Smith, General Historie (1624) A 1616 engraving in the center on original artwork of her

  19. “The Starving Time” 1607-1610During the few years disease and starvation took a terrible tool; Only a constant influx of new colonists kept the colony alive! Reasons for near failure: Lack of knowledge of frontier survival skills and where to plant the colony Bickering leadership Indian hostility Gentlemen and Paupers were the first settlers Poor labor system, all profits for the company; no incentive!

  20. John Rolfe What finally made the colony prosperous??

  21. Encouraging Immigration • Headright System: • Each Virginian got 50 acres for each person whose passage they paid. A family of four 200 acres! • Indenture Contract: • 4-7 years. • Promised “freedom dues” [land, £] • Forbidden to marry. • 1610-1614: only 1 in 10 outlived their indentured contracts!

  22. VirginiaHouse of Burgesses, 1619 Significant Event!

  23. English Tobacco Label • First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619. • Their status was not clear  perhaps slaves, perhaps indentured servants. • Slavery did not play a crucial role in the Southern colonies until 1676

  24. Frustrated Freemen • Late 1600s  large numbers of young, poor, discontented men who had been indentured servants or who were small farmer living in the Piedmont region wanted: • More access to land • women for marriage • Part of the Indian fur trade • 1670  The Virginia Assembly disenfranchised most landless men!

  25. Bacon’s Rebellion Has Four Main Causes 1. Social Differences -Tidewater vs. Piedmont farmers 2. Unfair Taxes 3. Unfair Voting System 4. Indian relations

  26. Nathaniel Bacon’s Rebellion: 1676 • Led 1,000 Virginians in a rebellion against Governor Berkeley • Rebels resented Berkeley’s close relations with Indians. • Berkeley monopolized the fur trade with the Indians in the area. • Berkley refused to retaliate for Indian attacks on frontier settlements. Nathaniel Bacon GovernorWilliam Berkeley

  27. Bacon’s Rebellion • Rebels attacked Indians, whether they were friendly or not to whites. • Governor Berkeley driven from Jamestown. • They burned the capital. • Rebels went on a rampage of plundering. • Bacon suddenly died of fever. • Berkeley brutally crushed the rebellion and hanged 20 rebels.

  28. Results of Bacon’s Rebellion • It exposed resentments between inland frontiersmen and landless former servants against gentry on coastal plantations. • Upper class planters searched for laborers less likely to rebel  BLACK SLAVES!!

  29. The Settlement of Maryland • A royal charter wasgranted to GeorgeCalvert, Lord Baltimore,in 1632. • A proprietary (sole owner) colony created in 1634. • A healthier locationthan Jamestown. • Tobacco would be the main crop.

  30. A Haven for Catholics • Colonists only willing to come to MD if they received land. • Toleration Act of 1649 • Supported by the Catholics in MD. • Guaranteed toleration to all CHRISTIANS. • Decreed death to those who denied the divinity of Jesus [like Jews, atheists, etc.]. • In one way, it was less tolerant than before the law was passed!!

  31. Georgia • James Oglethorpe • Debtors

  32. Carolinas • Land of Charles

  33. Pennsylvania • William Penn’s “holy experiment” • Quakers are tree huggers • pacifism

  34. Puritanism • John Calvin aka Calvinism Key Belief Predestination: God as a saint is predetermined at birth • Importance of divine grace and good works which was a sign of salvation! • Good works could not save those predestined for hell. • Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”

  35. Puritan Beliefs 1. `Religion should be applied to daily life and to the function of government 2. ` Criticized the Anglican church for retaining too much of the Roman Catholic Church’s ritual and hierarchy • Concerned about their political and religious freedoms in England. • Difference between Puritans and Separatist?

  36. The Mayflower • 1620  a group of 102 people half were Separatists • Negotiated with theVirginia Company to settle in its jurisdiction. • Non-Separatists included Captain Myles Standish.

  37. The Mayflower CompactNovember 11, 1620 • Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship. • Not a constitution, but an agreement to form a crude government and submit to majority rule. • Signed by 41 adult males, why only males? • Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.

  38. Dissent Grows New England

  39. Puritan Dissent: The “Rebels” • Young, popular minister in Salem. • Argued for a full break with the Anglican Church. • Condemned MA Bay Charter. • Did not give fair compensation to Indians for their land • Denied authority of civil government to regulate religious behavior. Believed in the separation of church and state • 1635  found guilty of preaching “new & dangerous opinions” and was exiled. Roger Williams

  40. Puritan “Rebels” • Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman. • Threatened patriarchal control. • Carried to logical extremes Puritan doctrine of predestination. • Holy life was no sure sign of salvation. • Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man. AnneHutchinson

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