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Camel –A versatile animal

Increasing human population in the world has arisen the issue of food security In order to combat with this issue, there is need to explore a new world of resources. Camel can serve the best useful addition to the food supply chain in terms of milk , meat and other products .

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Camel –A versatile animal

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  1. Increasing human population in the world has arisen the issue of food security • In order to combat with this issue, there is need to explore a new world of resources. • Camel can serve the best useful addition to the food supply chain in terms of milk , meat and other products. Camel –A versatile animal

  2. Types of camel Dromedary Bactrian

  3. Bactrian Camel

  4. Dromedary Camel

  5. Camel in Pakistan • In Pakistan camel population attain one million head with almost 20% of lactating camel produces around 0.6 million ton of milk annually (Raziq et al, 2008). • Such a huge amount of milk is not well documented and never channelized.

  6. Camel breeds in Pakistan • Balochistan: Brahvi, Kachhi, Kharani, Lassi, Makrani, Pishin and Rodbari • NWFP: Gaddi, Ghulmani, Khader and Maya • Punjab: Bagri (Booja), Brela (Thalocha), Campbelpuri and Marecha • Sindh: Dhatti, Kharai, Larri (Sindhi) and Sakrai

  7. Camel Population • World wide camel population 19 million • Half camel population is in horn of Africa • Pakistan camel population About 1 m • Balochistan 37% • Punjab 33% • Sindh 23% • NWFP 7%

  8. Camel Breeds of Punjab • Mareecha (Mahra) • Bagri (Booja) • Brella (Thalochi) • Mountainious • Cambelpuri

  9. District wise distribution of CamelCamel-A versatile animal • Bahwalapur 11328 • Bhakkar 19339 • Rajanpur 18338 • Mianwali 8796 • Layyah 16344 • Khushab 8594 • Jhang 8289 • Attock 8443 • DG Khan 11745

  10. Major breeds of Camel in Punjab • Milk- Barella • Dual- Marrecha

  11. Characteristics of major camel breeds of Punjab • Marrecha camel is also known as Bekaneri camel in Rajasthan India. • This breed of camel is well adapted to the sandy desert and is well fit for working in desert ecosystems.  • It is estimated that these animals can travel 100 to 125 Km a day at a high speed of 20-25 Km per hour. • This breed is also used for load  carrying. • The coat color varies from light sandy to dark blackish. Female she camel can give milk up to 10 liters a day.

  12. Marketing of Camel Milk and Meat • Milk and meat are the principal products of the camel. • The camel milk produced in the far-off mountainious and desert areas cannot reach the urban markets and is utilized locally. • However, camel milk is sold in big cities as pure milk, or mixed with milk of cows and buffaloes, especially when the supply of cows and buffaloes milk does not meet the market demand (Yaqoob and Nawaz,2007).

  13. Meat is usually a by-product of a camel system and the demand for camel meat appears to be increasing among societies not herding camels that come mainly from old males and females that have served usefully in other functions in earlier life. • Only a limited number of castrated males are raised especially for slaughter. • The camel meat annually produced in Pakistan is 50,000 tons valued at Rs. 250 million (Khan et al., 2003).

  14. Camel Breeding and Research Station, Rakh Mahni, District Bhakkar • Establishment 2004-05 to 2008-09 • Cost Rs. 187.032 Million • Total area 9173 Acres • Main Objective: To explore the productive and reproductive aspects of camel

  15. A. IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Original Cost : Rs. 153.193 million 1st Revised Cost: Rs. 169.746 million 2nd Revised Cost: Rs. 187.032 million Gestation Period: 60 months Year 2004-05 to 2008-09 B. RATIONALE • No institution is available in Pakistan to undertake research on camel. • Camel Converts lower quality desert vegetation into milk and meat. • Export potential to Middle East countries not explored • Very little basic research information is available on camel.

  16. Physical Target and Achievements

  17. Laboratories • Reproduction Physiology • Breeding and Genetics • Nutrition • Milk/Meat

  18. General Information of camel at CBRS • Camel Strength • Bulls 5 • She-camels 68 • Male Young stock 4 • Female Young stock 16 • Male sucklers25 • Female sucklers 21 • Total 139 • Fertility 25.8%

  19. General Information - Camel Herd • Mortality 1.9 % • MarrechaCamel- Productive Traits Studied at CBRS • Birth weight 40 kg • Weaning weight 70 kg • Adult weight 650 kg • Milk yield 3000 lit (410 days) • Calving interval 710 days • Milk composition is also studied

  20. Research Work Completed With CBRS (Under Publication) • Identification and botanical classification of desert plants and camel fodder in surroundings of camel breeding and research station, Rakh Mahni. • Hormonal biomarker with reference to lactation and pregnancy in camels. • Hormonal stress biomarker of pregnant and non pregnant camels.

  21. Research Work Completed With CBRS (Under Publication) • Hematological profile of camels: Influence of pregnancy and stress. • Influence of lactation and pregnancy on milk composition of female camel. • Prevalence of Surra (trypanosomiasis) and relative efficacy of two different treatments. • The analysis of soil, plant, animal relationship with reference to mineral nutrients.

  22. Ongoing Projects • Serum enzymes and hormonal profile of Mareecha camel during rutting season. • Semen collection by artificial vagina and lector-ejaculator in camels. • Effect of reproductive hormones in induction of ovulation in female camels. • Biochemical indices of male and female camels during breeding and non-breeding season.

  23. Abstracts (2nd ISOCARD Conference .12-14 March, 2009, Djerba, Tunisia) • Milk composition and enzymes profile of female camel (Camelus dromedarius) injected with oxytocin. • Dynamics of cystic fluid, serum biochemicals, amino acid and mineral profile in Echinococcus granulosus affected camels (Camelus dromedarius). • Serum biochemical health parameters status of camels (Camelus dromedarius) in different physiological conditions.

  24. Abstracts ( 2nd ISOCARD Conference .12-14 March, 2009, Djerba, Tunisia) • Biomarkers of health and mineral status in pregnant camels (Camelus dromedarius). • Effect of repeated doses of oxytocin on the lactoperoxidase system of milk in female camels (Camelus dromedarius). • Relationship study of mineral status with reference to soil, water, serum, urine and faeces at different physiological stages in camels (Camelus dromedarius).

  25. Suggestions and Recommendations • Collaborative research with CBRS and other academic institutes mainly the agriculture universities. • Registration of camel herds • Establishment of Camel Health Centre (Cholistan and Rakh Mahni) with main focus on Surra and Mange • Selection and application of modern breeding techniques • Organized marketing

  26. Physical Target and Achievements

  27. Bottlenecks • Shortage of technical staff • Lack of basic facilities • Insecurity of farm staff • Illicit occupation of farm land • Interference into the farm affairs • No special/hard area allowance

  28. PROPOSED ACTION PLAN FOR CAMEL BREEDING IN PUNJAB

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