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Cells to Organ Systems

Cells to Organ Systems. Epithelial Tissues. Epithelia comes in 2 forms: Glandular epithelia Membranous epithelia Functions: Protection Absorption Filtration Excretion Secretion Sensory reception. Glandular Epithelia. Exocrine Gland ducted glands. Glandular Epithelia.

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Cells to Organ Systems

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  1. Cells to Organ Systems

  2. Epithelial Tissues • Epithelia comes in 2 forms: • Glandular epithelia • Membranous epithelia • Functions: • Protection • Absorption • Filtration • Excretion • Secretion • Sensory reception

  3. Glandular Epithelia Exocrine Gland ducted glands

  4. Glandular Epithelia Exocrine Gland ducted glands Merocrine gland Holocrine gland

  5. Exocrine Gland Goblet cells

  6. Exocrine vs Endocrine Gland Secretes product directly directly in blood Secretes product through duct

  7. Classification of Epithelia

  8. Epithelial Tissues • Simple Squamous Epithelium • Simple Cuboidal Epithelium • Simple Columnar Epithelium • Stratified Epithelium • Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium • Transitional Epithelium

  9. Tissues

  10. Simple Squamous Epithelium Function: gas exchange in lungs Location: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen

  11. Simple Squamous Cells Frog skin

  12. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules

  13. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Mammalian kidney

  14. Simple Columnar Epithelium Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract

  15. Simple Columnar Epithelium 1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine Cross section of small intestine

  16. Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal

  17. Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue Cross section of esophagus

  18. cornified layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelium Epidermis of the Skin

  19. goblet cell Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system

  20. Stratified columnar Function: protection and secretion Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

  21. Transitional Function: stretches Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra

  22. Cell Junctions Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells. • Tight Junction • fluid tight seal • prevents fluid from leaving a cavity • Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome & hemidesmosome) • tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle • Gap Junction • passage of chemical & electrical signals

  23. Cell Junctions Gap Junction Tight Junction Adherens Hemidesmosome Desmosome

  24. Connective Tissues • Loose Connective Tissue • Dense Connective Tissue • Adipose Tissue • Cartilage • Bone • Blood

  25. Connective Tissues • Functions: • Connects body parts • Protection • Insulation • Transport substances • Common characteristics: • All originate from mesenchyme • Well vascularized • Extracellular matrix • Three main elements: • Ground substance • Fibers • Cells

  26. Loose Connective Tissue

  27. Embryonic Connective Tissue

  28. Loose Connective Tissue(areolar) 1. Collagen fiber 2. Elastic fiber

  29. Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

  30. Adipose Tissue

  31. Adipose Tissue

  32. Dense Connective Tissue

  33. Dense Regular Connective Tissue Cross section of tendon

  34. Cartilage

  35. Hyaline Cartilage Costal cartilage between ribs

  36. elastic fibers Elastic Cartilage chondrocytes in lacunae

  37. collagen fibers chondrocyte in lacuna Fibrocartilage Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees

  38. Bone spongy bone Compact bone

  39. Compact Bone

  40. osteocytes in lacunae canaliculi in matrix central canal Compact Bone

  41. Blood leukocytes erythrocytes

  42. Muscle Tissues • Skeletal Muscle Tissue • Smooth Muscle Tissue • Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  43. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

  44. Skeletal Muscle Tissue

  45. Smooth Muscle Tissue

  46. Smooth Muscle Tissue

  47. Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  48. Cardiac Muscle Tissue

  49. Nervous Tissue

  50. Biology 100 Human Biology

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