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Understanding Human Organ Systems and Organ Replacement Options

Explore the 11 major organ systems of the human body, from the integumentary to the reproductive system, their functions, and importance. Learn about organ replacement options like artificial organs, organ transplantation, free-flap surgery, and stem cell treatment.

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Understanding Human Organ Systems and Organ Replacement Options

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  1. Organ Systems • Organ – specialized tissues that work to perform a more complex function • System – group of organs that work to perform a more complex function • 11 major organ systems of the body

  2. Integumentary • Crucial to survival • Primary function – protection • Skin I s largest organ in system (20lbs) • Accessory organs – nails, hair • Includes glands

  3. Skeletal • 206 bones • Includes cartilage and ligaments • Function: support and protection • Bones store essential minerals • Formation of blood cells in bone marrow

  4. muscular • Skeletal muscles – voluntary, contraction • Smooth – visceral – involuntary • Cardiac – involuntary – heart • Function: produce movement, maintain body posture • Generates heat

  5. Nervous • Brain, spinal cord, nerves • Function: communication, integration, and control of body functions

  6. Endocrine • Composed of specialized glands that secrete chemicals (hormones) • Function – communication (slow but long lasting) • Organs include pituitary gland, pineal gland, hypothalmus, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus, adrenal, pancreas and ovaries/testes

  7. Circulatory • Heart and vessels • Closed system of arteries, veins and capillaries. • Function- transportation (oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and hormones)

  8. Lymphatic • Lymph nodes and vessels • Lymph tissue • Organs – tonsils, thymus, spleen • Function – movement of fluids and molecules, immune system

  9. Respiratory • Organs – nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs • Function: permit movement of air

  10. Digestive • Function: proper digestion and absorption of nutrients • Organs: mouth – pharynx- esophagus- stomach- small intestine – large intestine, rectum- anal canal • Accessory organs – teeth, salivary glands, tongue, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, appendix

  11. Urinary • Waste product is urine • Kidney – ureter- bladder – urethra • Filter

  12. Reproductive • Survival of species, produce hormones • Male – Testis - produce, transfer and introduce sperm to female • Female – ovaries – produce eggs

  13. Organ replacement • Loss of vital organs – life threatening • Loss of non-vital organs – can live without • Options for loss of organs • Artificial organs • prosthesis • Organ transplantation • Kidney, pancreas, heart, lungs, Small intestines • Free-flap surgery • tissues from body remodeled and grafted to new part of body • Stem cell treatment • Growing new tissues or organs

  14. Organ donation • http://www.organdonor.gov/

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