The Study of Life

1. The Study of Life Chapter 1

2. What is biology? (Brainstorming)

3. The Science of LIFE • The study of living things…. • Origins and history of life • Structures of living things • How living things function • How living things interact with each other • How living things interact with the environment

4. Why is it important to study biology? (Brainstorming)

5. What do biologists study? • Diversity of life • Diseases • Develop technology • Improve agriculture • Preserve the environment

6. What are some living things? What are NOT living things?

7. The Characteristics of Life Anthrax bacteria Fiddle leaf morning glory Red wing blackbird Grizzly bear Florida manatee

8. The Characteristics of Life What does it mean to be ALIVE?

9. The Characteristics of Life Review the pictures and diagrams representing the characteristics. Explain to the class how the characteristic of life is represented in the picture/diagram. Come up with another example that illustrates the characteristic of life.

10. CELLS

11. ORGANIZATION

12. GROWTH/DEVELOPMENT

13. REPRODUCE

14. RESPOND TO STIMULUS

15. ENERGY

16. HOMEOSTASIS

17. ADAPTATION OVER TIME

18. Characteristics of Life • Made of one or more cells • The cell is the basic unit of life • Some organisms are unicellular while others are multicellular Epithelial Cells Paramecium cells

19. Characteristics of Life 2. Displays organization

20. Characteristics of Life • Grow and Develop • Growth results in increase in size • Development results in different abilities/stages

21. Characteristics of Life 4. Reproduces

22. Characteristics of Life • Responds to stimuli • Reactions to internal and external stimuli are called responses

23. Characteristics of Life 6. Requires energy

24. Characteristics of Life 7. Maintains homeostasis • All organisms keep internal conditions stable

25. Characteristics of Life 8. Adaptations evolve over time • Adaptations are inherited changes that occur over time that help the species survive.

26. Images gathered from : • http://stephanierosebio156.blogspot.com/2008/06/cells-compendium.html • http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/442957/6853/Paramecium-caudatum • http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/urinary/renal19.htm • http://www.lattc.edu/dept/lattc/WED/GCIActivities.html • http://www.zooborns.com/zooborns/2009/09/baby-chimp-zoe-oklahoma-city-zoo.html • http://www.sparknotes.com/biology/plants/plantstructures/section1.html • http://www.waterwatchadelaide.net.au/index.php?page=life-cycle • http://frtim.wordpress.com/category/hingham/ • http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Squirrel_eating_peanut_12u07.JPG • http://www.ccs.k12.in.us/chsBS/kons/kons/charoflifenote.htm • http://www.botgard.ucla.edu/html/botanytextbooks/lifeforms/epiphytes/a0070Atx.html • http://oceanexplorer.noaa.gov/explorations/04deepscope/background/deeplight/media/fig3c.html

27. SQR – Survey, Question, Read • Survey • Read all the headings and subheadings • Skim the introductory paragraph • Look at the pictures and read the captions under the pictures • Read the bold vocabulary words • Question • Turn the headings and subheadings into questions • Read • Read the text ONE section at a time • Reread the captions and look at the pictures • Locate the answers to your questions • Monitor your reading – reread any passages you did not understand

28. The Nature of Science http://www.nda-analytics.com/pages/techniques/wet_chemistry.htm http://biology.usgs.gov/ecosystems/global_change/effects_land_use.html

29. What is science? • Science – body of knowledge based on study of nature; based in observations and experimentation • Relies on evidence • Theory – an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by many observations and experiments over time • Pseudoscience – areas of study that try to imitate science • Expands scientific knowledge • Challenges accepted theories • Questions results • Test claims • Undergoes peer review • Uses the metric system • International System of Units (SI)

30. Science in Everyday Life • Ethics – set of moral principles or values • Scientists provide information about our expanding knowledge of the natural world and society decides how to use that knowledge

31. QUIZ TOMORROW • What is biology? • Characteristics of Life • Cells • Organization • Growth/development • Reproduction • Response to stimulus • Energy • Homeostasis • Adaptations over time • Nature of science • Science/Pseudoscience • Theory • Peer Review • Metric system • Ethics

32. Data Analysis Lab 1.1 • With a partner, complete the Data Analysis Lab 1.1 on p. 14 • Use graph paper to make a table and graph as instructed. • Refer to pp. 1115-1118 for assistance in determining the best line and calculating slope. • Answer question 4 in complete sentences.

34. Drill – September 16, 2010 Look at the picture below and read the following statements. Which statements are observations? Which are inferences? • The cow is brown. • The man is talking to the cow. • The cow is confused. • The man is wearing a blue pullover. • The man is not afraid of the cow. • This picture was taken at a farm. • The cow has a tag in its left ear.

35. Methods of Science • We can learn about the world only through our observations. • An observation is a direct method for obtaining information by using the senses.

36. What’s happening in this picture? A cowbird (at right) feeds from a blue-winged warbler. From Nature Conservancy, Sept-Oct 1994. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W5aQX_MRKkU&feature=related

37. Inference • An inference is an assumption based on prior experience • Combine what you have learned with what you have observed; make logical assumption • Can lead to a hypothesis

38. Scientific Methods • A scientist uses a scientific method whenever he/she: • attempts to explain observations about the natural world. • test inferences based on observations.

39. Scientific Methods Scientific method

40. Scientific Methods • Ask a question • Hypothesis • Collect Data (Experiment) • Analyze Data and Report Conclusions

41. Questions • Will changing the water temperature affect how quickly Alka-Seltzer will dissolve? • What is the best way to keep apples from turning brown after you cut them? • What factors increase the rate of mold growth on bread? • How many drops of water can fit on one penny? • How can the life of fresh flowers be extended? • What is the best recipe for making slime?

42. Hypothesis • An “educated guess.” • Based on specific observations. • Must be a statement. • Must be stated in a way that allows it to be tested. • Must be able to prove the hypothesis “false.”

44. Experimental Apples Problem: What is the best way to keep apple slices from turning brown after you cut them? • Observations: • Apples usually turn brown after you cut them or bite them. • Sometimes apples turn brown when they have a bad spot. • The brown color does not occur everywhere. • Inferences: • The brown color only occurs when the apple is damaged in someway. • The brown color occurs when the inside of the apple comes in contact with the air. • Research: How Stuff WorksScientific American

45. Hypothesis What would be a good hypothesis for this experiment? (Brainstorming)

46. The Purpose of an Experiment • A controlled experiment is any procedure created to test a hypothesis in a controlled setting. • experimental group – the group receiving the factor being tested • control group – the group not receiving the factor being tested (used for comparison)

47. Collect the Data • Any factor that can change in an experiment is called a variable. • An independent variable is tested during an experiment. There is usually only one. • Often called the experimental variable. • The dependent variable changes because of changes made to the independent variable.

48. Controlled Experiments A controlled experiment is one in which all of the variables are held constant except one. These constant variables are called controlled variables. What are some of the controlled variables in today’s experiment?

49. Collecting Data • data – information gained from your observations • quantitative – data collected as numbers • qualitative – data collected as descriptions of observations (i.e. color, behaviors, odors) Will our apple experiment collect quantitative or qualitative data?

50. Effect of Various Substances on Apple Browning