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WESTWARD EXPANSION TECH INN REFORMS CIVIL WAR

WESTWARD EXPANSION TECH INN REFORMS CIVIL WAR. MANIFEST DESTINY Belief that it is the right of the U.S. govt to expand to her natural boundaries Political roots-spread democracy-keep U.S. safe from other countries Economic roots-resources-trade Social roots-place to put undesirables

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WESTWARD EXPANSION TECH INN REFORMS CIVIL WAR

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  1. WESTWARD EXPANSION TECH INN REFORMS CIVIL WAR

  2. MANIFEST DESTINY Belief that it is the right of the U.S. govt to expand to her natural boundaries Political roots-spread democracy-keep U.S. safe from other countries Economic roots-resources-trade Social roots-place to put undesirables Significance-westward expansion & expansion of U.S. boundaries

  3. CALIFORNIA GOLD RUSH Gold discovered in 1848 by John Marshall 1849 thousands came to California-49er’s Significance-California statehood

  4. INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Slater brought factories to America Appeared first in New England because of water power and poor soil Cotton from south Significance-economic livelihood of north

  5. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AFFECT OUR LIVES Work, transportation, daily life easier because work more efficient Interchangeable parts-Eli Whitney-mass production used unskilled labor so goods are less expensive Urbanization-cities grow as people leave farms to go work in factories Significance-growth of cities/cheaper goods because easier & cheaper to produce

  6. 2ND GREAT AWAKENING Inspired reform movements and abolition of slavery Significance-reform movements that changed society

  7. EDUCATIONAL REFORMS Led by Horace Mann Wanted free public education supported by taxes, mandatory attendance Believed that there would be less poverty if more people were educated Significance-nationwide public education

  8. TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT Wanted to ban sale & consumption of alcohol Because alcohol caused crime, insanity, poverty & the breakup of families Led to 18th Amendment Significance-Prohibition

  9. PRISON AND MENTALLY ILL REFORMS Led by Dorothea Dix Wanted to improve conditions Significance-better life

  10. CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE Proposed by Henry David Thoreau Means don’t obey unjust laws, but accept the consequences Example-Boston Tea Party Significance-influenced Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr.

  11. WOMEN’S MOVEMENT Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Wanted equal rights for men and women Wrote Declaration of Sentiments at the Seneca Falls Convention Written by Elizabeth Cady Stanton based on the Declaration of Independence Significance-Amendment 19-women’s suffrage

  12. IMPORTANCE OF FINE ARTS Hudson River School started by Thomas Cole-painted the majesty of nature John James Audubon painted & studies birds Fine arts are art, music, literature Significance-explains our society/expresses our feelings

  13. CAUSES OF CIVIL WAR States’ rights-right of state to secede from Union, slavery was states’ rights issue Sectionalism-one section more important than whole N-industry-Factory System S-agriculture-cotton-Plantation W-expansion of slavery Slavery-mostly disappeared in North, South’s economy needs as source of labor Cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney, more cotton, land and slaves Abolition-immediate end to slavery Significance-leads to end of slavery/national govt most important

  14. MISSOURI COMPROMISE, 1820 Dealt with slavery in the Louisiana Territory Kept balance of free & slave states even in Congress Maine-free Missouri-slave Proposed by Henry Clay Significance-used compromise to settle issue/put off civil war

  15. COMPROMISE OF 1850 Dealt with slavery in the Mexican Cession Proposed by Henry Clay California-free state Strict Fugitive Slave Act so slaves had to get to Canada to be free Significance-used compromise to settle issue/ put off civil war

  16. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT Proposed by Stephen A. Douglas Wanted to build Transcontinental Railroad Popular sovereignty-people of area decide-power of people Led to Bleeding Kansas Significance-use compromise to settle issue/put off civil war

  17. DRED SCOTT DECISION Decision handed down by Chief Justice Roger B. Taney Slaves were property not citizens Congress could not interfere with ownership of property Significance-Supreme Court said the Constitution protected slavery

  18. 1861-1865 Civil War US/North/Union/Yankees vs Confederate States of America/South/Confederacy/Rebels President-N-Abraham Lincoln S-Jefferson Davis Commander-N-US Grant S-Robert E. Lee Significance-settled issue that national govt stronger than states & that states cannot secede

  19. MAJOR BATTLES OF CIVIL WAR Fort Sumter, South Carolina-1st battle Antietam, Maryland-bloodiest one day battle, Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation that freed slaves in rebelling states Gettysburg, Pennsylvania-turning pt of was-Lee would not invade Vicksburg, Mississippi-Union victory complete blockade Appomatox Court House, Virginia-Lee surrendered to Grant Significance-national govt stronger that states/states cannot secede

  20. LINCOLN’S INAUGURAL ADDRESSES 1st wanted to preserve Union and would fight 2nd war was now about emancipation of slaves and described how to put Union back together Significance-stated aim of North/Lincoln’s leadership to keep Union together & leniency in rebuilding South

  21. ANACONDA PLAN Union strategy during Civil War Developed by Winfield Scott 1-surround and blockade South 2-cut Confederacy in half 3-capture Richmond, Virginia-Confederate capital Border states-slave states that did not secede, Lincoln did whatever necessary to retain their loyalty Significance-Northern strategy that would win the war

  22. EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION Proposed by Lincoln Freed slaves in rebelling states Kept border states our of war Changed war to fight to save Union AND abolish slavery Significance-civil war now about both preserving Union and abolishing slavery

  23. GETTYSBURG ADDRESS • Written by Lincoln • Based on ideals in Declaration of Independence- “of, by and for the people • War is about preserving the Union, democracy • Significance-civil war about preserving democracy in Union

  24. CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS • John C. Calhoun-supported states’ rights, Nullification Crisis in response to the Tariff of Abominations • Daniel Webster-Senator who believed Union made of people, not states, did not support states’ rights • Significance-led major disagreements between North and South

  25. IRISH IMMIGRANTS • Labor source for northern factories • Came to America because of potato famine • Significance-labor source for factories

  26. LEADING ABOLITIONISTS • Harriett Tubman-escaped slavery-organized & lead Underground Railroad • Frederick Douglass-escaped slavery-published “North Star” • Significance-helped slaves escape slavery/national attention to issue

  27. POLITICAL LEADERS DURING CIVIL WAR • Abraham Lincoln-president of Union during Civil War, wrote Gettysburg Address & Emancipation Proclamation-war was about preserving the Union and abolishing slavery, he was North’s greatest asset • Jefferson Davis-president of Confederacy • Significance-Lincoln’s leadership kept Union together

  28. MILITARY LEADERS DURING THE CIVIL WAR • US Grant-commander of Northern army, accepted surrender of South, President during Reconstruction • RE Lee-commander of Southern army, surrendered to Lee • Stonewall Jackson-Confederate general who held his ground at Bull Run • Significance-led armies during Civil War

  29. JOHN WILKES BOOTH • War ended on April 5, 1865 • Lincoln and wife attended play at Ford’s Theater • Booth, southern sympathizer assassinated Lincoln because Lincoln was tyrant • Significance-helped change course of Reconstruction-punishment

  30. RECONSTRUCTION PLANS • Reconstruction-rebuild • 10% Plan developed by Lincoln, supported by Andrew Johnson-10% of voters in state had to swear allegiance to U.S., state reenters Union, no punishment involved • Reconstruction Act of 1867-reconstruction controlled by Radical Republicans in Congress, military rule in southern states-rebuild and punish • Significance-southern states forced to ratify 13th, 14th and 15th amendments

  31. BLACK CODES • Used to prevent slave rebellion • Restricted their movement and made it illegal to teach slaves to read and write • Freedmen’s Bureau organized after Civil War to help Freedmen and whites in South-education, medical care, land • Jim Crow Laws-used to enforce segregation • Significance-helped freedmen adapt to society unprepared for them

  32. CONGRESSIONAL MEDAL OF HONOR RECEIPENTS • William Carney-1st African American to be awarded the medal • Philip Bazaar-1st Hispanic to be awarded the medal • Significance-minority groups rights recognized

  33. HIRAM RHODES REVELS • 1st African American elected to Congress after Civil War • Significance-African Americans rights after Civil War

  34. HOMESTEAD ACT • Encouraged economic growth and expansion of the west • Occupy 160 acres and make improvements-build house and plant crops-for 5 yrs you own land • Attracted 1.4 million homesteaders • Significance-growth of U.S./land ownership-no money

  35. MORRILL ACT • State got 30,000 acres times the number of Congressmen • Proceeds used for agriculture and mechanical universities-A&M school • Significance-encouraged higher education

  36. DAWES ACT • Break up Indian tribes and assimilate them into white society • 160 acres to Indian family, remainder of land to whites • Tribal ownership of land disappeared • Significance-opened west to settlement/deprived Native Americans of land

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