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Welcome to Cells and Heredity

Explore the relationship between water volume and mass, study the characteristics and functions of cells, and learn about asexual and sexual reproduction through mitosis and meiosis.

mariojohnson
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Welcome to Cells and Heredity

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  1. Welcome to Cells and Heredity

  2. Weekly Lab – scientific tools and scientific exploration If you have a certain volume of water will it have a corresponding mass? Is the relationship between water volume and mass linear? Does the mass of water change depending on the volume? Tools: Beakers Triple Beam Balances Water Graph paper

  3. Cells and heredity…The genetics of life! What makes something living? CHARACTERISTICS of living organisms Biotic Ability to develop and grow Ability to respond to the environment Ability to reproduce THEN… Made of CELLS

  4. What are the internal structures of a cell?

  5. Organelles and their functions in the cell… Any of a number of organized or specialized structures within a living cell. Examples include: Mitochondria Chloroplasts Cell wall Lysosomes Cell membrane Cytoplasm Central vacuole Ribosomes Nucleus

  6. What are the differences between plant and animal cells? Animals lysosome Plants Central vacuole Chloroplast Cell wall

  7. Using technology in the science classroom -Check out ipad -open the app “explain everything” to develop a video explaining the function and purpose of organelles in a cell -include information on the difference between plant and animal cells.

  8. Cell Theory states that… 1 Every living thing is made of one or more cells Unicellular Multicellular 2 Cells carry out the functions needed to support life 3 Cells come from other living cells

  9. Unicellular organisms Small…bacteria… algae…amoebae One cell Can survive on their own Multicellular organisms Larger…many cells…specialized… different types of cells

  10. Metric REVIEW

  11. LITERS GRAMS METERS CELCIUS LIQUID WEIGHT AREA PERIMETER

  12. Diffusion and Osmosis?

  13. Weekly Lab – Osmosis Why is it important that materials be able to move in and out of a cell?? How do materials move into and out of cells? Tools: Eggs Vinegar Plastic cup Data sheet Triple bean balance STEPS: Weigh cup Weigh cup and egg Determine starting weight of egg Place egg in vinegar Record weight of egg in data sheet

  14. Diffusion The movement of atoms or molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. Atoms and small molecules can move across a cell membrane by diffusion Not just as a liquid…

  15. Osmosis Osmosis is the diffusion of the movement of water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration through a cell membrane or other semi-permeable membrane until an equilibrium is reached.

  16. The movement of materials in and out of a cell, using the cells energy. EXAMPLE – Sweating (removal of salts) Active Transport The movement of materials in and out of a cell, without using any of the cells energy. EXAMPLE - Diffusion ENDOCYTOSIS & EXCOCYTOSIS Passive Transport

  17. Welcome to a-sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction is a mode of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single parent, and inherit the genes of that parent only

  18. Cells are broken down into two groups Eukaryotic Cells -Genetic material in nucleus -Organelles -Predominantly multicellular Prokaryotic cells Genetic material in cytoplasm No organelles Mostly unicellular organisms

  19. A-Sexual Reproduction The identical creation of a new cell/structure can live separately yet genetically identical to the parent. Mitosis In unicellular organisms Cell Division = Reproduction

  20. Budding Single cells - yeast Multi-cellular - Hydra

  21. Binary Fission In simple terms, splitting in two… Prokaryotes – split in two EX: bacteria Eukaryotic organisms – separate and independent EX: algae / paramecium

  22. Regeneration in Northern Sea Star

  23. Cell division - A sexual

  24. Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis Mitosis – a-sexual cell division

  25. With multi-cellular organisms, new cells are unable to live alone, they become part of the original structure. GROWTH & REPAIR Part of the cell cycle Mitosis… The second part of the cell cycle, as the chromosomes divide and split

  26. Mitosis = a-sexual Cellular Reproduction Meiosis = sexual cell division

  27. REVIEW HUMANS – (organism)  Multicellular  Has nucleus in cells  Eukaryotic Bacteria – (organism)  Unicellular  No nucleus DNA in Cytoplasm  Prokaryotic New organism from two parents Cloned organism from one parent Mitosis Or skin…. Meiosis Producing a genetically different offspring

  28. New Organism Sexual Meiosis Daughter Cell (clone) A-sexual Mitosis   CELL DIVISION

  29. The Cell Cycle has three main parts… Mitosis

  30. Growth and Repair

  31. WHY Mitosis Mitosis causes growth and repair by providing more identical cells to replace old, damaged or missing cells for repair or to produce more tissue for growth. Cell division has the ability to create new cells and is a simplistic way of cell reproduction. The cell copies themselves reproducing and creating a identical daughter cell. The ability to do this gives the cells the ability to repair things such as…?

  32. What is Growth and Repair?

  33. Growth, repair or both?

  34. Growth, repair or both?

  35. Growth, repair or both?

  36. Growth, repair or both?

  37. Growth, repair or both?

  38. Growth, repair or both?

  39. Welcome to meiosis What is mitosis again?

  40. Meiosis = sexual cell division with the purpose of developing a new individual offspring ONLY in reproductive tissues? TERMINOLOGY Sperm Egg Gamete fertilization REPRODUCTION

  41. Web Quest – In teams of two -Find a working definition for meiosis and convert to your words -Build graphic organizer to show definitions for at least five terms -Develop definition to compare meiosis to mitosis

  42. What is meiosis? • Sexual reproduction of diploid cells which creates four haploid daughter cells. These daughter cells become either sperm or eggs (gametes).

  43. What is fertilization? • The combining of egg and sperm (gametes) to create a zygote (new being)

  44. Genetics

  45. Dominant Traits- Brown Eyes Dark hair Unattached earlobes Dimples Freckles Can roll tongue Left over right thumb Widows Peak Recessive Traits- Blue Eyes Blond/red hair Attached earlobes No Dimples No Freckles Can’t roll tongue Right over left thumb No Widows Peak

  46. The Punnett Square … Determining Heredity 1822-1884 Gregor Mendel

  47. Looking at traits

  48. Why is there a brown chicken?

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