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THE PERIODIC TABLE

THE PERIODIC TABLE. By B. Blacher/P. Boubion. What information can be found in this box ?. ATOMIC NUMBER 6. CHEMICAL SYMBOL C. CHEMICAL NAME Carbon. ATOMIC MASS 12.001. equals the number of protons in an atom. ATOMIC NUMBER 6. C.

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THE PERIODIC TABLE

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  1. THE PERIODIC TABLE By B. Blacher/P. Boubion

  2. What information can be found in this box?

  3. ATOMIC NUMBER 6 CHEMICAL SYMBOLC CHEMICAL NAME Carbon ATOMIC MASS 12.001

  4. equals the number of protons in an atom. ATOMIC NUMBER 6 C Carbon 12.001

  5. equals the number of protons + neutrons ATOMIC MASS 6 C Carbon 12.001 12 = 6 protons + 6 neutrons

  6. 6 Review C Carbon 12.001 CHEMICAL SYMBOL - letter or letters representing an element. CHEMICAL NAME - name of element. ATOMIC NUMBER- the number of protons in the nucleus. ATOMIC MASS- number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

  7. ANATOMY OF AN ATOM

  8. ATOMIC NUMBER 7 N Nitrogen 14.001

  9. ATOMIC NUMBER 8 O Oxygen 16.00

  10. ATOMIC NUMBER 9 F Fluorine 19.00

  11. ATOMIC NUMBER 10 Ne Neon 20.18

  12. Periodic Table Data Table How are the Periodic table and a data table alike?

  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 PERIOD- a row indicates the number of energy levels or electron shells.

  14. PERIOD 1 PERIOD 2 PERIOD 3 PERIOD 4 He Ne PERIOD 5 PERIOD 6 PERIOD 7 Rn Ar Xe Kr Fr 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

  15. 1 18 2 13 14 15 16 17 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 GROUP NUMBER- a column on the periodic table; also known as afamily. Indicates how many electrons in the outer shell. All members of afamilyreact similarly to one another

  16. VIIIA VIIIB IA An alternate method: IIA IIIB IVB VB VIB VIIB IIIA IVA VA VIA VIIA IB IIB GROUP NUMBER- a column on the periodic table; also known as afamily. Indicates how many electrons in the outer shell. All members of afamilyreact similar to one another

  17. Let’s review: GROUPSare columns of families PERIODSare rows

  18. Why are these elements grouped together? Elements in the same family or group have similar properties... GROUPSare columns of families

  19. Lithium • 1 valence electron • Reacts violently with water to form heat + Hydrogen gas + alkali (OH containing compound) • Soft enough to cut with a knife • Shiny. 2H2O + 2Na  2NaOH + H2 Sodium hydrogen Hydroxide gas ALKALI METALS FAMILY • GROUP IA • Never found uncombined in nature.

  20. Beryllium Magnesium alloy Beryllium-Copper spring Calcium in bones ALKALI EARTH METALS FAMILY • Second most reactive metals. • Never found uncombined in nature. • Fairly hard. • Good conductors of electricity. • 2 valence electrons • GROUP IIA

  21. tellurium Silicon wafer silicon arsenic METALLOIDS • Found on both sides of zig zag line • Share properties of both metals & non-metals. • Dull or shiny. • Ductile & malleable. • Conducts heat & electricity, but not as well as metals.

  22. Carbon (charcoal) iodine neon Sulfur krypton helium NON-METALS • GROUPS IVB - VIIIB • 17 elements located to the right of the zigzag line + Hydrogen • Tend to gain valence electrons. • Physical properties are opposite those of metals. • Dull in appearance. • Poor conductors of heat and electricity • Usually gain or share electrons & Readily form compounds.

  23. HF HCl Hydrofluoric acid Hydrochloric acid Rock containing Fluorine Iodine HBr Chlorine bleach Hydrobromic acid Iodine HALOGENS • All but one are non-metals. • 7 valence electrons • Gains or share 1 electron when it reacts. • All are very reactive; usually harmful to humans. • GROUP VIIB Many acids contain halogens:

  24. neon argon neon krypton helium NOBLE OR INERT GASES • GROUP VIIIB • Chemically stable & non-reactive. • Have a filled outer shell. • Do not form compounds or react with other elements.

  25. LANTHANIDES SERIES Soft. Malleable. Good conductors. Used to make alloys. ACTINIDES SERIES Metals. Radioactive. Nucleus very unstable. Many are synthetic. uranium neodymium cerium plutonium RARE-EARTH METALS

  26. Alkali metals Alkali metals Alkali earth metals Alkali earth metals Transition metals Transition metals Rare earth metals Rare earth metals Metalloids Metalloids Non-metals Non-metals Halogens Halogens Noble / inert gases Noble / inert gases Let’s review the families

  27. Hydrogen Helium Gold Platinum? Which element is in a class by itself? Why? The answer is Hydrogen Like Group 1: It has 1 valence electron Is it : Unlike Group 1, it is a non metal. Its most common isotope has no neutrons

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