2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

1. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

2. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive systemEssential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate? What are the common disorders of the digestive system? How are disorders of the digestive system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

3. Understand the functions of the digestive system 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

4. Fecal transplant Allows the bacteria from the healthy stool to repopulate the gut of the patient who has lost healthy bacteria in their gut Functions of the digestive system News Flash... New treatment!!!! • Used to treat Clostridium difficile that grows in human intestines • Symptoms range from persistent diarrhea to life-threatening inflammation of the colon to death 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

5. What can healthcare professionals learn from observing stool specimens? Stools specimens are collected to see if a person is bleeding, has cancer, or parasites Functions of the digestive system Potty Trivia... 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

6. Disorders of the digestive system VS • Anorexia • Decreased or poor appetite • Symptom: loss of weight • Anorexia nervosa • Eating disorder characterized by refusal to eat • Psychiatric disorder 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

7. Disorders of the digestive system Can you identify preventive measures? Caries • What is another name for caries? Cavities, tooth decay. • What are caries? Tooth decay from not brushing your teeth regularly. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

8. Disorders of the digestive system Cholecystitis • What is Cholecystitis? • Inflammation of the gallbladder • A stone can block the bile duct. • Small ones may pass on their own, large ones surgically removed • How is it treated? • Surgical removal of gallbladder = Cholecystectomy • What are the symptoms? Pain in the shoulder blades and digestive disorders and jaundice. Cholelithiasis 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

9. Disorders of the digestive system What specialist(s) should be consulted to correct a cleft palates? Plastic surgeon/ craniofacial surgeon Cleft palate • What is cleft palate? • Cleft lip and palate are birth defects that affect the upper lip and the roof of the mouth. • What is its impact on health? Child who has a cleft lip/palate can have: Failure to gain weight, Feeding problems, Flow of milk through nasal passages during feeding, Poor growth, Repeated ear infections and Speech difficulties • Who has this condition? Risk factors infants are born with condition and also include a family history of cleft lip or palate and other birth defects. About 1 out of 2,500 people have a cleft palate. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

10. Disorders of the digestive system Cirrhosis • What is cirrhosis? Chronic progressive disease of the liver. Normal tissue replaced by fibrous connective tissue What are the symptoms? Fatigue, weakness, loss of appetite, itching, easy bruising. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

11. What is the main cause of cirrhosis of the liver? 75% caused by excessive alcohol consumption How do you treat cirrhosis of the liver? If cause is alcohol use stop drinking alcohol. May Need a liver transplant. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

12. Disorders of the digestive system Constipation • What is constipation? When defecation delayed, feces becomes dry and hard What are some causes? Not drinking enough fluids, medications, not eating the right foods. How can constipation be prevented? diet with cereals, fruits, vegetables, (roughage) drinking plenty of fluids, exercise, and avoiding tension 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

13. Disorders of the digestive disorders Diarrhea • Diarrhea Loose, watery, frequent bowel movements when feces pass along colon to rapidly • What causes it? Caused by infection , poor diet, nervousness, toxic substances or irritants in food • What are the effects on your health? Can become dehydrated, dry skin, scanty urine. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

14. Disorders of the digestive disorders Gastroenteritis • What is gastroenteritis? Inflammation of mucous membrane lining of stomach and intestine • Common cause = Virus What healthcare professional would you see for treatment? Gastroenterologist 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

15. Disorders of the digestive system Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) • What are some common causes of GERD? Avoid chocolate and peppermint, coffee, citrus, fried or fatty foods, tomato products – stop smoking- take antacids – don’t lay down 2-3 hours after eating. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

16. Disorders of the digestive system Which hepatitis virus has a vaccine? Hepatitis • Acute • Chronic • Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E • What are some common symptoms of hepatitis? Flu like symptoms, fatigue, dark stools, jaundice skin and eyes. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

17. Disorders of the digestive system Irritable bowel syndrome • Define irritable bowel syndrome. a disorder that leads to abdominal pain and cramping, changes in bowel movements, and other symptoms. Discuss how will treatments relate to: Lifestyle changes can help in some cases of IBS. For example, regular exercise and improved sleep habits may reduce anxiety and help relieve bowel symptoms. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

18. Treatment • Diet: Avoid foods and drinks that stimulate the intestines (such as caffeine, tea, or colas) • Avoid large meals • Increase fiber in the diet (this may improve constipation but make bloating worse) • Medication • Anticholinergic medications taken a half hour before eating to control intestinal muscle spasms • Bisacodyl to treat constipation • Loperamide to treat diarrhea • Low doses of tricyclic antidepressants to help relieve intestinal pain • Lubiprostone for constipation symptoms • Rifaximin an antibiotic 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

19. Disorders of the digestive system Peptic ulcer • What is a peptic ulcer? • Sore or lesion that forms in the mucosal lining of the stomach What causes it? H. pylori (bacteria) is primary cause, smoking cigarettes or chewing tobacco, being very ill, such as being on a breathing machine having radiation treatments, drinking too much alcohol or taking aspirin, or ibuprofen. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

20. Peptic Ulcer • How is it treated? • Rx – H2 blockers ( drugs) that block release of histamine • Treatment involves a combination of medications to kill the H. pylori bacteria (if present), and reduce acid levels in the stomach. This strategy allows your ulcer to heal and reduces the chance it will come back. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

21. Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system Healthy dietary habits help maintain homeostasis of body systems 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

22. Vitamins Fat soluble Vitamins A, D, E, K Water soluble Vitamins C, B Electrolytes Calcium Chloride Magnesium Phosphorus Potassium Sodium Relevance of nutrition to the digestive system What roles do electrolytes and vitamins play in the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

23. Minerals and Trace Elements ders of the digestive system

24. Electrolytes 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

25. Vitamins • Vitamin- biologically active organic compound • Function as coenzyme for normal health and growth, some behave like hormones • A,D,E,K – fat soluble vitamins – can be stored by the body • B vitamins, pantothenic acid, folic acid, biotin and Vitamin C – water soluble – can’t be stored, excess excreted by body 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

26. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive systemEssential questions What are the functions of the digestive system? How do the functions of chemical and physical digestion interrelate? What are the common disorders of the digestive system? How are disorders of the digestive system treated? How do you relate the body’s use of nutrients to the digestive system? 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

27. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

28. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

29. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

30. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system

31. Questions for all BM maps • On each bubble map you are to draw the pictures and color and write what the significance of each picture is as it relates to the digestive system. • Color each bubble map pictures and write in color not yellow. 2.08 Understand the functions and disorders of the digestive system