Chapter 1

1. Chapter 1

2. Importance of study curriculum science for teachers If the teacher study curriculum he will be able to: 1. Recognize curriculum foundation 2.Recognize curriculum elements 3.Recognize curriculum organizations 4.Develop curriculum 5.Evaluate curriculum 6.Implement curriculum 7.Analyze curriculum 8.Write the tests 9.Select teaching methods.

3. 10.Selecting instructional media 11.Transfre information values and attitudes 12-knew what happened in the society 13.Recognize the educational philosophy 14.Give his opinion about curriculum issues 15.Construct behavior objectives 16.Distinguish between the levels of objectives 17.Recognize the sources of objectives 18.Knew the concepts that related to the curriculum

4. 19.Recognize society needs and problems. 20.knew the sources of subject matter. 21.knew the weakness and strength of curriculum. 22.Recognize criteria ,standards and competencies. 23.Selecting activities. 24.Selecting content. 25.Selecting learning experience. 26.Selecting evaluation tools. 27.Find out the relation between subjects.

5. 28.Concentrate at all dimensions of personality. 29.Recognize the centralization and decentralization of curriculum 30.Understand the fields of curriculum. (Learner (society -knowledge- 31. Recognizing the recent trends in curriculum

6. Chapter 2

7. Basic concepts in curriculum 1.Curriculum: some scientists define curriculum as a content 2.Curriculum as a product 3-Curriculum as a process 4-planned sequence of what students are to learn and how they acquire that learning and how this learning is verified 5-program of studies 6- A set of subjects

8. 7-A set of materials • 8-A sequence of courses • 9-A set of performance objectives • 10-A course of study • 11-That which is taught in the school • 12-A series of experiences undergone by learner in a school • 13-Every thing is planned by school personnel

9. The curriculum consist of many elements: 1-Goals,objectives,aims,targets,purposes • 2-Content • 3-Expereience • 4-Activity • 5-Teaching methods • 6-Evaluation • Some curriculum questions • 1-Who teach? • 2-What is taught?

10. 3-When is taught • 4-Why is taught? • 5-How taught? • 6-What are the outcomes of learning? • 7-How we can assessed the learning? • -Curriculum is defined all the learning which is planned and guided by the school whether it is carried on in groups or individually inside or outside the school for achieving the goal of education building the integrative personality.

11. -Curriculum foundation :are the forces of curriculum that influence the mind developers -Hidden curriculum: refers to the unwritten, unofficial and often unintended lessons, values and perspectives that student learn in school • -Intended curriculum: it is meant what teacher want - • children to experience • -Experience: interaction between learner and environment.

12. -Program: a plan which has been developed for • particular purpose • -Assessed curriculum: that which is tested and evaluated • -Null curriculum: what teacher don’t want children to • learn. • -Recommended curriculum: proposed by scholar and professional organizations

13. -Taught curriculum: what teacher implement in the classroom. • -Written curriculum: appear in school and country documents. • -Lived curriculum: what the children actually • experience. • -Learned curriculum: what the student actually learn • and what is measured -Curriculum implementation: translation of plans into action.

14. -Curriculum development: comprehensive term includes planning, implementation and evaluation -Curriculum planning: preliminary phase of curriculum development thinking or design phase -Curriculum improvement: synonymous with curriculum development viewed as the result of development. -Curriculum evaluation: results assessed and successes of both the learners and programs determined

15. -Enacted curriculum: what teacher actually provides • -Supported curriculum:resources,textbooks,computers • audio visual materials which support and help in the implementation of the curriculum • -Curriculum mapping: documents all the interrelationships with in the curriculum, e.g. what is to learned how and when?

16. Chapter 3

17. -Curriculum foundations -philosophical foundations -Social foundations -Psychological foundations -Knowledge foundations Historical foundations- -Scientific foundations

18. Philosophical foundations • -Philosophy is study of wisdom- • -Love of wisdom • Philosophy foundation questions • 1- Metaphysic: what is real? • 2-Epistemolgy:what is truth? • 3-Exiology : what is values?

19. Philosophy and curriculum • Philosophy is the beginning point in curriculum decision making and the basis for the subsequent decision regarding curriculum.

20. Classical philosophy • -Concentrate on the knowledge and information. • -Neglecting the activity • -Neglecting the problems of local environment. • -Evaluation concentrate on the cognitive domain. • -Using presentation and lecture teaching methods. • -Role of the teacher is central. • -The teacher know what to teach not how to teach. • -The teacher is expert in his subject matter. • -Depending in one only book.

21. - Depends on separated curriculum organization. • -Depends on logical organization • -Teacher is the source of the knowledge. • -Concentrates on the languages, human sciences and philosophy • -Concentrates on the past more than present and future • -Learner is active and positive • -Teacher transformer the knowledge • -Aims on humanization of learner. • -Neglecting individual differences.

22. -Philosophy provides curriculum workers with framework • for organizing school • - Clarifies educational goals and content • -Basis for deciding textbook how much homework to assign what course to emphasize . -

23. Progressive philosophy • The goal of this philosophy is to concentrate on the learner interests and needs and society problems • -The learner is the core of educational process • - Take in account individual differences. • -Role of the teacher is control and planning. • -Teacher is an expert in teaching methods. • -Teacher is councilor ,facilitator and guidance of educational process. • -Teacher organize the classroom environment. • -Content is new experience depend on previous • Information .

24. -Concentrates on experience. • -The professional development is continuous process • -The activity is important and basic. • -The curriculum organization :the integrated, core and activity • -Building the learner personality in all dimensions cognitive, psychomotor, affective. • -Concentrate on the individual differences. • -Depends on psychological organization.

25. -Using multisources of knowledge. • -The variety of teaching methods: active learning, experimentation, inquiry. • -The variety of evaluation tools. • -There is a relation between school and society. • -Concerned with the problems of the local environment.

26. Islamic philosophy • -The curriculum include the comprehensive concept which represents all the domain of learner personality. • -Organizing the experience regarding the Islamic view of learner. • -Organizing the curriculum by using the integrative approach • -The variety of teaching methods • -Using the suitable instructional media. • -Teacher role in the light of Islamic philosophy.

27. -Using all the available resources to achieve the goals of Islamic education. • -The variety of using evaluation tools. • -There is a relation between school and local society.

28. Technological education • -Aims to providing the learner some competencies related with technology. • -The content is selected in the light of the learners needs. • -Using tools and materials to transform content to the learner. • -Using teaching methods modules and learning packages. • -Concentrated on individual differences.

29. -Teacher control the learning process. • -Using educational tools. • -Concentrating on reinforcement.

30. Interactional philosophy • -The learner obtain the knowledge depending on experiment ,research and dialogue • -Respect the past • -Concentrate on the radical education. • -The cognitive structure is permanent. • -The value structure is changeable • -Using modern teaching methods. • -Teacher manage dialogue between learners. • -The teacher summarize the ideas of the lesson • -The teacher help students to attain listening skills and giving evidence.

31. -Take in consideration individual differences. • -Learner learn from the dialogue between teacher and learners • -Using teaching methods: team teaching and discussion. • -The content is derived from the social, cultural problems.

32. Knowledge foundation • -Related to the nature of subject matter and related with other domains subject matter and knowledge • -There is a relation between knowledge and thinking • -Every subject matter has a cognitive structure • -Every educational philosophy has its view about knowledge • -Learner must provided of the basic concepts of the subject matter • -The knowledge develop thinking

33. -The knowledge helps in building the learner personality • -The knowledge is organized according to the curriculum organizations • -There is a difference between science and knowledge • -There is difference between science and technology • -The sources of knowledge are variety-- • -The types of knowledge are related with knowledge resources.

34. Criteria of selecting knowledge • -Social utility: the learner must provided of some subject matter that contribute in developing society • -Social responsibility: the learner must provided some information related with social, political and economic domain. • -General culture: the learner must provided a lot of information that developed thinking and mind. • -Developing cognitive processes: the learner must provided information that develop thinking skills

35. -Social pressures: the learner must provided the that related with work market and production and attaining learner with new skills that related to country needs • -Family pressures: the learner must provided the knowledge that related with family hopes and the learner must learn some competencies. • -Value structure: the curriculum must included values that contribute in society building.

36. Social foundation • -Related to the nature of society and the philosophy of education • -There is difference between society to another • -The curriculum represent the philosophy of the society • -The curriculum characterize by dynamic

37. Some questions about social foundation • -Whom learn? This question required recognizing the educational philosophy and the nature of learner and environment all children must learn ,education learning is one of human rights. • -Who learn? the teacher who is prepared from three dimensions academic,professinal,cultural. • -Teacher who represent the philosophy of the society. • -Who learn learner how to learn • -Who has positive values and attitudes.

38. -What to learn? Related to the content and selecting it • -The selection of content is a social process • -Selecting the content is a group work • -Selecting the knowledge that reinforce the aims of the society. • - The selection of knowledge must take in consideration the nature of the society , natural, politcal,economical,social,cultural,environmmental .

39. -How to learn? It is related with selecting teaching methods. • -There are some factors effect on learner education, previous experience, educational facilities, the educational philosophy of the society. • -Some educational philosophy concentrate on thinking and other concentrate on knowledge. • -The role of the teacher differ from philosophy to another.

40. -The role of teacher and learner differ from teaching method to another. • -Teacher has a basic role in the domains related with learner, teaching method, activity, educational facilities. • -Learners must provided with the necessary knowledge about all sources he needs • -Providing the learner information about the domains of the activity and take in considerations values and interests.

41. -Providing the learners with the basic values, concepts, attitudes • -Selecting the educational materials that suite the learner • .

42. -Why to learn? It is related to aims and the philosophy of education. • -The aim of the education is to provide the learner with concepts, values, and skills which help him to perform his roles in the society • -The curriculum is the tool of the school to achieve the aims of education. • -The curriculum must represent the society attitude towards learner education.

43. -The society must educate his student on independence and liberty • -The curriculum must include the future of society and learner. • -the outcomes of education must be appeared in the learners behaviors • -the society is considered pressure power about what curriculum want to achieve.

44. What are the outcomes of education? • -The outcomes of education will be a learner able to develop the society and take the responsibility • -Anther outcomes of education will be that the learner will absorbing the concepts, values, attitudes. • -The test system must be changed and developed to touch the problems of the society. • -The tests must concentrates on the affective and value structure.

45. When learn? • -This question meant to determine the age of the learner. • -We must achieve the goal of sustainable education. • -We must achieve the goal of long term education.

46. Scientific foundation • -It is related with recent trends in curriculum. • -The recent trends of curriculum treat the problems of the society. • -The recent trends must be related with the nature of the society. • -Transformation recent trends must take in consideration the hopes an goals of the society. • -Any improvement of the curriculum must be in the light of reality and experience.

47. Some recent trends in the curriculum • -water education. • -population education • -energy education • -sustainable education • -value education • -life skills • -traffic education • -human rights

48. -law related education • -political education • -electronic education • -environmental education • -futuristic education. • -technical literacy. • -nuclear education. • -international education

49. Historical foundation • - Related with the history of the curriculum and the efforts of research in the domain of curriculum science • -Franklin Bobbitt(1876-1956) consider curriculum as science that emphasize on student needs. • -Wrret charters(1875-1952) consider curriculum as science which is based on student needs and the teacher plan the activities • -William Kilpatrick(1871-1965).view curriculum as purposeful activities which are child centered.

50. -Harold rug(1886-1960) emphasized social studies in the curriculum and the teacher plans the lesson in advance. • -Hollis caswell(1901-1989) sees curriculum as around social functions of themes organized knowledge and learner interests. • -Ralph Tylor(1902-1994) believe curriculum is science and an extension of school philosophy based on student needs and interest.