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Chapter 12 Stimulants

Chapter 12 Stimulants. Stimulants. Any agent temporarily increasing functional activity Provoke a stimulating action on the central nervous system Sympathomimetics Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system OTC & Prescription drugs. Why Use Stimulants ?.

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Chapter 12 Stimulants

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  1. Chapter 12Stimulants

  2. Stimulants • Any agent temporarily increasing functional activity • Provoke a stimulating action on the central nervous system • Sympathomimetics • Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system • OTC & Prescription drugs

  3. Why Use Stimulants ? • Long seasons in professional sports • Baseball – 162 games • Use of other depressant drugs • Alcohol, marijuana, etc. • Need for an “energy boost” • Poor nutrition • Ergogenic • Performance enhancement

  4. Ephedra • Sympathomimetic • Banned in the USA (OTC,2004) • Ma Huang herb • Ephedra • Pseudoephedrine

  5. How Does It Work ? • Dilates the bronchiole muscles • Constricts nasal mucosa • Increases blood pressure

  6. Ephedra in OTC medications • Weight loss agents (older brands) • Decongestants • Asthma • Cold medications

  7. Package labeling can be misleading • Caffeine-ephedra mixture • Pseudoephedrine

  8. Pharmacokinetics • Available via internet in natural and synthetic forms • Peak plasma levels • Natural – 4 hours • Synthetic – 1 hour • Manufacturers of herbal supplements are not regulated like pharmaceutical companies • Labels may be misleading and actual composition may be vary greatly

  9. Energy booster • Decrease fatigue • Improve endurance, reaction time, and strength • Combination with caffeine • Synergistic • Additive and can potentiate • Table 12-1, pg 168

  10. Effect on Performance • Effect on athletic performance has not been proven in well-controlled scientific studies • Has not effected the sale, marketing, or use of the products • What to Tell the Athlete, pg 168

  11. Table 12-2: 2002 Winter Olympics IOC Testing of Nutritional Supplements

  12. Caffeine • In many foods, beverages and OTC supplements • Chocolate • Coffee • Soda • Vivarin

  13. Has been documented to have a ergogenic benefit for endurance athletes • Research is mixed; exact mechanism for effect on athlete performance unknown

  14. What is Caffeine ? • Xanthine group of drugs • Theophylline • CNS stimulant • Peak levels in 15 to 45 minutes • Half-life from 3 to 7 hours (non-exercise)

  15. How Does Caffeine Work? • Not completely positive • 3 theories • Metabolic • Neurologic • Muscle

  16. Habitual Caffeine User Vs. Nonuser • Early research indicated habitual user did not get an ergogenic effect • Tarnopolsky (2000) – now believes that all caffeine users can get an ergogenic benefit • Capsules appear to be more helpful

  17. What to Tell an Athlete • Pg 175

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