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Introduction to Computers

Shelly Vermaat. Introduction to Computers. Chapter Objectives. Next. Recognize the importance of computer literacy. Distinguish between system software and application software. Define the term, computer. Describe the categories of computers. Identify the components of a computer.

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Introduction to Computers

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  1. Shelly Vermaat Introduction toComputers

  2. Chapter Objectives Next Recognize the importance of computer literacy Distinguish between system software and application software Define the term, computer Describe the categories of computers Identify the componentsof a computer Identify the elements of an information system Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using computers Describe the various types of computer users Recognize the purpose of a network Discuss various computer applications in society Discuss the uses of the Internet and World Wide Web

  3. A World of Computers Next What is computer literacy? • Knowledge and understanding of computers and their uses • Computers are everywhere p. 5-6 Fig. 1-1

  4. What Is a Computer? Processes data into information Data that is organized, meaningful, and useful Acceptsdata Raw facts, figures, and symbols Produces and stores results Next How is a computer defined? • Electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory p. 6

  5. What Is a Computer? Next What is the information processing cycle? • Input • Process • Output • Storage • Communication p. 6 Fig. 1-2

  6. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Input Devices below Chapter 1 Next What is an input device? • Hardware used to enter data and instructions p. 7 Fig. 1-3

  7. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Output Devices below Chapter 1 Next What is an output device? • Hardware that conveys information to one or morepeople p. 8 Fig. 1-3

  8. The Components of a Computer Next What is the system unit? • Case containing electronic components used to process data p. 8 Fig. 1-3

  9. The Components of a Computer Next What are two main components on the motherboard? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Also called a processor The electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer Memory Consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions p. 8

  10. The Components of a Computer Next What is storage? • Holds data, instructions, and information for future use Storage media • Physical material on which data, instructions, and information are stored Storage device • Records and retrieves items to and from a storage medium p. 8

  11. The Components of a Computer Next What is a floppy disk? • Thin, circular, flexible disk enclosed in rigid plastic shell p. 8

  12. The Components of a Computer Next What is a USB flash drive? • Provides much greater storage capacity than a floppy disk or Zip disk • Small and lightweight enough to be transported on a keychain or in a pocket p. 8

  13. The Components of a Computer Next What is a hard disk? • Provides greater storage capacity than a floppy disk, Zip disk, or USB flash drive • Most are housed inside of the system unit p. 8 Fig. 1-4

  14. The Components of a Computer Next What is a compact disc? • Flat, round, portable metal disc • CD-ROM • DVD-ROM p. 9 Fig. 1-5

  15. The Components of a Computer Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Communications Devices below Chapter 1 Next What is a communications device? Hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data, instructions, and information Occurs over cables, telephonelines, cellular radio networks,satellites, and other transmission media p. 9

  16. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Reliability Speed Consistency Storage Communications Next What are the advantages of using computers? p. 10

  17. Advantages and Disadvantages of Using Computers Next What are the disadvantages of using computers? Violation ofPrivacy Impact onLabor Force Health Risks Impact onEnvironment p. 10

  18. Networks and the Internet Satellites Cables Enables a connection between computers Telephone lines Cellular radio One type is a modem Next What is a network? • Collection of computers and devices connected together Communications Device Transmission Media p. 11

  19. Networks and the Internet Next What are the reasons to network? To share Resources Hardware devices Software programs To save time and money Data Information p. 11

  20. Networks and the Internet Next What is a server? • A server manages the resources on a network • Clients access the resources on the server p. 11 Fig. 1-6

  21. Networks and the Internet Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Internetbelow Chapter 1 Next What is the Internet? • Worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals p. 12 Fig. 1-7

  22. Networks and the Internet Next Why do users access the Internet? • Communications Information Shopping Banking and Investing Classes Entertainment p. 12-13 Fig. 1-8

  23. Networks and the Internet Next What is the Web? • Billions of documents, called Web pages, available to anyone connected to the Internet A Web site is a collection of related Web pages A Web page contains text, graphics, sound, video, and links to other Web pages You can share information by creating Web pages or posting photos on a photo sharingcommunity p. 12

  24. Computer Software Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Computer Programs below Chapter 1 Next What is software? Consists of a seriesof instructions thattells the computerwhat to do Also called aprogram p. 15

  25. Computer Software Next What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? • Allows you to interact with the software using graphics and icons • Controls how you enter data and how the screen displays information p. 15 Fig. 1-10

  26. Computer Software Next What issystem software? • Programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Operating System (OS)is a set of programs that coordinates all activities among computer hardware devices and allows users to run application software Utility Programsallow the user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually related to managing a computer, its devices or its programs p. 15-16

  27. Computer Software Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Application Software below Chapter 1 Next What isapplication software? • Programs that perform specific tasks for users Word Processing Spreadsheet Database Presentation Graphics p. 16 Fig. 1-11

  28. Computer Software Javascript program Resulting Internet application Next What is aprogrammer? • Someone who developsapplication or system software • Programmer writesinstructions todirect computer toprocess data intoinformation p. 18 Fig. 1-13

  29. Categories of Computers Next What are the categories of computers? Personal Computers(desktop) Mobile Computers andMobile Devices Midrange Servers Mainframes Supercomputers Embedded Computers p. 19

  30. Personal Computers • Apple Macintosh uses the Macintosh operating system (Mac OS) • PC and compatibles use the Windows operating system Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Personal Computers below Chapter 1 Next What are the two most popular series of personal computers? p. 19 Figs. 1-15–1-16

  31. Personal Computers Next What is adesktop computer? • Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under a desk or table p. 19-20 Fig. 1-15

  32. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 1, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Notebook Computers below Chapter 1 Next What is anotebook computer? • Portable, small enough to fit on your lap • Also called a laptop computer • Generally more expensive than a desktop computer p. 20 Fig. 1-17

  33. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What is aTablet PC? • Resembles a letter-sized slate • Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen • Especially useful for taking notes p. 21 Fig. 1-18

  34. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What are mobile devices? • Small enough to carry in a pocket • Internet-enabled telephone is a “smart phone” p. 21 Fig. 1-20

  35. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Small enough to fit in one hand Used by mobile employees such as meter readers and delivery people Next What is ahandheld computer? p. 21

  36. Mobile Computers and Mobile Devices Next What is apersonal digital assistant (PDA)? • Provides personal organizer functions • Calendar • Appointment book • Address book • Calculator • Notepad p. 22 Fig. 1-20

  37. Servers Next What types of servers are there? Midrange serverPowerful, large computer that supports up to a few thousand computers MainframeVery powerful, expensive computer that supports thousands of computers SupercomputerThe fastest, most powerful, most expensive computer. Used for applications requiring complex mathematical calculations p. 23 Figs. 1-23–1-25

  38. Embedded Computers Next What is an embedded computer? • A special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product p. 24 Fig. 1-26

  39. Computer Applications in Society Next What are some examples of computer applications in society? • Education • Finance • Government • Healthcare • Science • Publishing • Travel • Industry p. 32-36 Figs. 1-36–1-43

  40. Summary of Introduction to Computers The importance of computer literacy System software and application software The term, computer Categories of computers The components of a computer Elements of an information system The advantages and disadvantagesof using computers Types of computer users The purpose of a network Computer applications in society The uses of the Internet and World Wide Web Chapter Complete

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