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Biology EOCT Review

Day 5: Evolution. Biology EOCT Review. Traveled on the Beagle to the Galapagos Islands Studied 13 species of finches on the islands Hypothesized that all originated from 1 ancestor Explained his theory of NATURAL SELECTION Published in On the Origin of Species

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Biology EOCT Review

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  1. Day 5: Evolution Biology EOCT Review

  2. Traveled on the Beagle to the Galapagos Islands • Studied 13 species of finches on the islands • Hypothesized that all originated from 1 ancestor • Explained his theory of NATURAL SELECTION • Published in On the Origin of Species • Influenced by Lyell and Wallace • Strayed from Lamarck’s “inherited traits” theory Charles darwin

  3. Survival of the Fittest • Fit = best adapted to environment for survival Mice will display gray coloring rather than white Natural Selection

  4. Theories of evolution • Adaptations • Changes in response to the environment and becomes a new species • Required to survive in the changing world • Reproductive Isolation • A species is separated and becomes two separate species

  5. Evolutionary Terms • Speciation • Creation of a new species • A species can mate and produce viable offspring • Extinction • A species ceases to exist • Can occur gradually (rainforest plants) or as a mass extinction (dinosaurs) • Biodiversity • Number of different species/organisms • Biodiversity inside a classroom is much lower than the biodiversity outside • Inside: humans, insects • Outside: humans, insects, plants, animals, etc.

  6. Genes • Gene Pool • Genes available for reproducing • Gene Flow • Introducing genes from one gene pool into another gene pool

  7. Speciation • Gradualism • Punctuated Equilibrium

  8. Fossils and phylogeny • Radioisotope Dating • Provides EXACT age of fossils • Uses the half-lifes of radioactive isotopes (Carbon-14) • Relative Dating • Provides APPROXIMATE age of fossils • Generally, older fossils are found in rock layers beneath younger fossils

  9. Fossils and phylogeny • AnalogousStructures • Vestigial Structures • Used by common ancestor but no longer necessary • Homologous Structures

  10. Stabilizing Selection • Selects for the central trait • Directional Selection • Selects for one extreme trait • Disruptive Selection • Selects for both extreme traits Fitness and Selection

  11. Variations exists within populations. Organisms compete for limited natural resources. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive. Individuals with variations suitable for their habitat survive and reproduce. Principles of Natural Selection

  12. Natural selection allows for the resistant bacteria and pests to survive and reproduce offspring that are also resistant • Antibiotic resistance • The overuse of antibiotics leads to “superbugs” • Pesticide resistance • Farmers must increase the use of pesticides on crops as pests become immune/resistant to doses Biological REsistance

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