Chapter 14 Power Point Presentations

1. By Kevin, Evan, Samone, David, Jerome, Denzell, Ronald, Heather, Brittney, Briasha, Darren, Dana, Jasmine, Kayla W., Joseph and Brandon Chapter 14 Power Point Presentations

2. Follow the rubric..keep up with these Only 5 slides PLEASE! 7 words, 7 bullets is VERY important Participation should be fair Content important Include class in learning process See what MS. Marshall said was….

3. Evan D. & Kevin C. Putting Solar Energy to Work

4. Solar energy is energy from the sun. Often converted into thermal or electrical energy. Solar energy can be converted into electricity in two ways. These two ways are Photovoltaic and Solar Power Plants. Photovoltaic (PV devices) or “solar cells,” change sunlight directly into electricity. Getting to Know Solar Energy

5. Solar Power Plants  indirectly generate electricity when the heat from solar thermal collectors is used to heat a fluid which produces steam that is used to power the generator. • Don’t forget Solar energy can also be converted to Thermalenergy. • This energy can heat water for use in homes, buildings, or swimming pools. • It can also heat spaces inside greenhouses, homes, and other buildings. Getting to Know Solar Energy pt.2

6. Out of the 15 known Solar Electric generating units operating in the United States at the end of 2006, 10 of these are in California, and 5 in Arizona. Solar thermal power plants use the sun's rays to heat a fluid, from which heat transfer systems may be used to produce steam. Solar Electrical Power Plants

7. Pro’s Solar energy is free, and it’s supplies are unlimited. Using solar energy produces no air or water pollution. Solar energy produces electricity very quietly. Although the initial price of solar cells may be high, once installed, they provide a free source of electricity, which will pay off over the coming years. Pro’s & Con’s of Solar Energy

8. Con’s The weather can affect the efficiency of solar cells. Solar energy is only able to generate electricity during daylight hours. Current prices of highly efficient solar cells can be above $1000, and some households may need more than one. Pro’s & Con’s of Solar Energy

9. By Samone Hankins Photovoltaic Cells

10. Derived from sunlight by higher state of electrons,making electricity • Pv is used to make power for solar cells. • Cells protect from outside elements.More power=more solar panels • Derived by converting infrared energy directly into energy. • Research of PV doubled every 2 years, biggest of AE. • Cells electronically connect together to create PV. • FACT: solar power generation has the highest density among renewable energies. Overview

11. Many countries encourage solar panels along with other support of AE. Three leading countries make up approx.89% of total PV installations. Germany has the fastest growing PV market in ‘06 and ‘07. FACT: Facilities can operate with little maintenance or interruptions after initial setup. Research of PV by US leads to positive follow- ups of higher demand by other countries. Popularity amongst the World

12. Contrast to fossil fuels, SP does not use emissions during operation BUT does produce some amount of pollution by panels. Energy input produced higher than output results in more harmful then beneficial outcomes. PV located near photosynthesized plants turns problems into chemical energies,hence intervenes process of a plant photosynthesis. FACT:Solar panels are pollution free during use. Environmental Impacts

13. Total cost in US is total costs of cents per kilowatt-hour produced. Panels consume 10% total capitol cost.(including maintenance and depreciation of capitol outlay over 20 years. FACT: Compared to FF and nuclear energy, very little research (or money) has been invested in the development of solar cells, sothere is much room for improvement!) Mooolaaaah!!!

14. Hydropowerby David & Jerome

15. What is Hydropower? • A renewable energy source that generates electricity • Uses free flowing water to generate electricity such as dams or water falls • Accounts for more than 20% of electricity uses in the world • Virtually nonpolluting

16. The Good • Dams can store rain water which can be used during a drought • If needed dams can be shut down instantly. • Simple design makes for inexpensive repairs • Water is also not damaged while going through hydropower • It is clean and prevents the burning of 22 billion gallons of oil and 120 million tons of coal a year

17. The Bad • A con is that dams drown wild life habitats • Another is dams have caused more than 40 to 80 million people to relocate to accommodate the rising waters • Dams prevent migration off fish • Damming of rivers causes many parts of rivers to go dry • Changing from cold water to warm water causes the spread of parasitic worms that cause debilitating disease • Can cause water to go from near flood levels to almost dry in a single day

18. Fun Facts • Nearly 75,000 dams(6 feet high more) dot U.S. rivers • Only 2% of U.S. rivers are free flowing • New Cornelia Tailings is the largest U.S. Dam • Hydropower is clean It prevents the burning of 22 billion gallons of oil or 120 million tons of coal each year • Hydropower does not produce greenhouse gasses or other air pollution

19. By Denzell and Ronald Wind Power

20. By Heather and Brittany Biomass Energy

21. BIOMASS ENERGY

22. What is Biomass? • Biomass is a clean renewable energyresource • derived from waste of various human and natural activities. • excludes organic material

23. Biomass Energy leads in renewable energy production in the United States. Biomass is extracted from three distinct sources: • Wood the largest energy source of biomass: • Waste second largest source • Alcohol third largest contributor

24. Burning Firewood • Main energy resource over much of human history. • 20 million homes use wood for some form of heat; 5 million rely solely on wood for heat.

25. Biomass is matter usually thought of asgarbage. We can use animal manure,woodchips, seaweed, corn stalks and other wastes. Some sources are just lying aroundsuch as dead trees, left-over crops, sawdust from lumber mills, even used tires willdo.

26. Biofuels Hydrogen,The Fuel of the Future By Briasha and Darren

27. What Is A Biofuel? • It is a fuel made from biological materials • It is a renewable fuel • It can be the natural gas that comes from microorganisms • It includes any solid,liquid,or gaseous fuels from plants • Burning biofuels adds less carbon to the environment

28. Types Of Biofuels • Ethanol is one type of biofuel • It is produced by carbohydrates turning into sugar • Then the sugars are fermented • Another is Gasohol which is produced from the alcohol of that process • It can be burned as a fuel directly • Or it can be added to gasoline

29. What is Hydrogen? • Hydrogen is a highly reactive colorless gas • It is the lightest element • It is the most abundant in the universe • Hydrogen can be extracted from water by electrolysis • Combustion engines use Hydrogen to produce electricity

30. Why is Hydrogen called the "Fuel of the Future" • Conventional cars can be run on Hydrogen • Hydrogen can be put in place of gasoline • The only problem is there is no Hydrogen gas on Earth • If there is any trace on Earth we can not use it • This is because bacteria uses it because it’s a excellence source of energy

31. By Dana Walker Geothermal Energy

32. Geothermal energy is derived from the Earth The largest supply is located in The Geysers 1% of world’s energy Available 24hrs a day Binary plants are most common power plants US has highest usage 90% availability The Overview

33. First tested in 1904 by Prince Piero Ginori Conti First plant in US was in 1922 In 1960, Pacific Gas was the first plant to successful use geothermal energy The Geyser produce 720 MV of power Is now generated in 20 countries worldwide History

34. Low temperature limits efficiency Construction of plants affect land stability Hot water sources contain pollutants Locations may cool down after time Must be managed to avoid depletion Disadvantages

35. Requires no fuel • It’s Sustainable • Minimal land requirements (1-8acre per megawatt) • Can power large cities w/ small amounts • Capacity factor is large • Has 3 different technologies • Affordable Why Geothermal?

36. Geothermal energy is a growing resource for energy It will probably go into mass production in the next couple years More research needs to go into making it a more productive energy source Basically…

37. Tidal Power By Jasmine Barber Tidal Power

38. Tidal Power is the amount of extraordinary energy from gravitational pulls from the sun in the ocean tides. • This source of energy is pollution-free and limitless. • Tidal barrageis the procedure that scientist accumulate this amazing energy. • This when a dam is built across the mouth of a bay and turbines the flowing water will generate the energy. • When the tide shifted, the blades would reverse to collect the rest of the out-flowing water for energy. Tidal Power Info & Uses

39. Worldwide Tidal Power & Environmental Problems\Resolutions • 30 locations in the world where this type of energy can be gathered. • Only 2 plants are made in those locations(Canada & France) and there is only one here in Annapolis(Bay of Fundy) • Plans to build in other places of the US are still in development. • The construction of these turbines cost a lot of money, but are still very efficient…this problem is in the hands of the government. • Tidal Power is efficient but the way it is gathered isn't. • Turbines cause a lot of environmental problems. • Including: • Rocks back up in system causing some pollution and thus marine life to suffer.

40. Ocean Thermal gradient of about 20 Celsius. • OTEC is the name of an experimental technology that uses temperature difference to produce power. • This tech. Involves using warm water surface. • To heat and Vaporize a low boiling point liquid such as ammonia. • Various studies indicates OTEC power plants show little economic promises. • In Hawaii a shore based OTEC plant uses the cold nutrient rich water. • Pumped from the ocean bottom cool buildings. Ocean Thermal

41. By Brandon and Joseph National Energy policy