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Overview of Islam

Explore the history and expansion of Islam, the world's fastest-growing religion with over 1 billion followers worldwide. Learn about Muhammad, the Five Pillars of Islam, and the split between Sunni and Shiite Muslims.

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Overview of Islam

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  1. Overview of Islam Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world

  2. What was Arabia like before Muhammad?

  3. Islam • Islam is a monotheistic religion that began in city of Mecca located on the Arabian Peninsula near the Byzantine Empire • Arabians were polytheistic & came to visit Mecca to pray to the Kabba, a shrine containing idols of 360 different gods (including Allah)

  4. Islam • Mohammad was born in Mecca & was interested in monotheism of Jews & Christians who traded in Mecca • At age 40, Mohammad had a vision that told him he was a messenger of Allah (Arabic word for “god”; the same god as Christians & Jews) • Muhammad called his religion Islam (“surrender to God”) & destroyed the other idols in the Kabba

  5. Islam • Mohammad identified rules all Muslims should live by, called the Five Pillars of Islam: • Faith—believe in 1 god, Allah • Prayer—five times every day • Alms—give money to the needy • Fasting—eat no food from sunrise to sunset for 1 month (Ramadan) • Pilgrimage—one in life, go to Mecca

  6. Muezzin Pilgrims in Mecca

  7. Islam Islam became a very popular religion in Mecca and Medina.

  8. Expansion of Islam • Muslims began to expand; idea of jihad taught that Muslims would go straight to heaven if died fighting for Allah; so they fought very hard to expand. • Holy wars were considered okay in God's eyes.

  9. Islam expanded into a huge empire including Spain, Northern Africa, Persia, and Arabia.

  10. Expansion of Islam • Expanded Arabic language and cultural innovations. • Islamic rulers proved mostly tolerant, they offered new subjects three choices: • convert to Islam • pay a tax or • die

  11. Islam • Like Christianity, Islam split into 2 sects; after Muhammad died, caliphs (followers of Muhammad) lead Islamic faith, but confusion over the “correct” leadership (caliph): • Sunni—caliphs should be chosen by vote (95% Muslims are Sunni today) • Shiite—caliphs should come directly from Muhammad’s family tree (more radical; 3% of all Muslims today)

  12. Percentage Today of Sunni & Shi’a Muslims Worldwide

  13. BYZANTINES MUSLIMS

  14. Ottoman Turks • Turks are nomads from Asia; contact with Muslim Empire led to conversion of Turks to Islam • Ottoman Turks—Most powerful group of Turks began to grow strong as Byzantine Empire and Islamic Empire began to weaken • Defeated both Islamic Empire & Byzantine Empire; created Ottoman Empire

  15. Seige of Constantinople (1453 A.D.)

  16. The Ottoman Empire

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