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Chapter 10: Molecular Genetic Mechanisms for Long-Term Information Storage at the Cellular Level

Chapter 10: Molecular Genetic Mechanisms for Long-Term Information Storage at the Cellular Level. From Mechanisms of Memory , second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D. Chapter 10: Chromatin Remodeling in Memory Formation. Protein Synthesis Dependence of L-LTP. Figure 1. acetylation. pKAF.

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Chapter 10: Molecular Genetic Mechanisms for Long-Term Information Storage at the Cellular Level

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  1. Chapter 10: Molecular Genetic Mechanisms for Long-Term Information Storage at the Cellular Level From Mechanisms of Memory, second edition By J. David Sweatt, Ph.D.

  2. Chapter 10: Chromatin Remodeling in Memory Formation

  3. Protein Synthesis Dependence of L-LTP Figure 1

  4. acetylation pKAF Histone CREB Binding Protein (CBP) RNA Helicase A PO4 PO4 ser 133 ser 133 RNA Polymerase II Basal Transcription Factor IID (TFIID) Complex CREB CREB Target Gene cAMP Response Element 5’-TGACGTCA-3’ TATA Sequence CREB/CRE Gene Regulation System Figure 2

  5. Crystal Structure of CREB Bound to the CRE Figure 3

  6. Activity-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression in Neurons Figure 4

  7. A B Long-Term Potentiation Impaired Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in C-Rel- /- Mice Figure 5

  8. CaMKIV + ERK RSK2 Elk-1 CBP/CREB zif268 CRE SRE C/EBP krox20 Arc AMPAR HOMER BDNF NT-3 MKP-1 SSAT Transcriptional Regulation Pathways Controlling Expression of Synaptic Plasticity-Associated Genes Figure 6

  9. Activity-Dependent ARC Expression and Dendritic Localization Figure 7

  10. Hypothetical Mechanisms and Activity-Dependent Changes in Synaptic Structure Figure 8

  11. Signaling Mechanisms Utilized by Integrins and Cadherins Presynaptic Cadherins Integrins Ca++ Ca++ Integrins α α α-actinin Catenins talin β β rho rac α-actinin vinculin Paxillin DMPK actin FAK (Focal Adhesion Kinase) Myosin Phosphatase grb2/sos cas/crk src Cytoskeletal Myosin II ? Dynamic cytoskeletal regulation ERK JNK Postsynaptic - - Figure 9

  12. Memory and the Cellular Level Figure 10

  13. Methylation of Cytosine Side-Chains in DNA A B Figure 11

  14. “CpG Island” in the BDNF Gene Figure 12

  15. HDAC1 Ac Ac Adapter Protein TRD HDAC2 MeDNA BINDING PROTEIN MBD DNA Methylation-Dependent Gene Silencing Figure 13

  16. Homology Model of MBD of MECP2 Interacting with CpG within DNA Duplex Figure 14

  17. Nucleosome Interaction with DNA Figure 15

  18. The Histone Code Figure 16

  19. Histone Acetyltransferase (HAT) Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Bidirectional Regulation of Histone Acetylation by HAT’s and HDAC’s Figure 17

  20. Epigenetics in Contextual Fear Memory --- Histone Code Figure 18

  21. Neurogenesis in the Adult Human Hippocampus Figure 19

  22. TABLE I – THE CASE FOR GENE EXPRESSION IN L-LTP CONTINUED

  23. TABLE I – THE CASE FOR GENE EXPRESSION IN L-LTP CONTINUED

  24. TABLE II – EPIGENETICS IN HUMAN COGNITIVE DISORDERS *Trinucleotide expansions inFMR1 and FMR2. APP, amyloid precursor protein; CBP, cyclic-AMP response-element-binding protein; FMR, fragile X mental retardation; HAT, histone acetyltransferases; HDAC, histone deacetylase; MECP2, methyl CpG-binding protein 2; TIP60, HIV-1 Tat interactive protein, 60kDa.

  25. Neural Development and Differentiation Blue Box 1

  26. Mother’s Day --- Everyday of Your Life Blue Box 2

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