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Monday/Tuesday. Title: The Origins of Hinduism. Do Now: On this day in history in 2003 Fred Rogers, of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, died . What was your favorite tv show as a small child? Who were your favorite characters ?. Agenda. Do Now Origins of Hinduism Lesson Hindu Skit.
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Title: The Origins of Hinduism • Do Now: • On this day in history in 2003 Fred Rogers, of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, died. What was your favorite tv show as a small child? Who were your favorite characters?
Agenda • Do Now • Origins of Hinduism Lesson • Hindu Skit
Objective • Students will read a Hindu story and write a script for a skit which will be performed on Thursday Rewrite this on the left side of your notebook in your own words
Vocabulary • Hinduism: the religion of the peoples of India • Brahmanism: the Vedic age religion which refers to a single spiritual power which lives in everything • Guru: thinkers and teachers of religious ideas • Brahman: one supreme God
Road Map • For this entire week we will be looking closely at the religion of Ancient India: Hinduism • Today: we will look at the origin or start of Hinduism • Wednesday: we will look at the belief system of Hinduism • Thursday/Friday: we will look how Hinduism spread and became a major religion.
Roots of Hinduism • For more than 2,300 years, Hinduism has been the major religion of India. • The word Hinduism means “the religion of people of India.”
Vedic Age Beliefs and Practices • The Vedas are India’s oldest religious texts • Priests memorized the Vedas and passed them on orally, later they were written down • The Vedas contained hymns to many gods and rituals designed to keep the gods happy • They also included sacrifices and the god of fire, Agni, would “eat” the sacrifices offered to the gods
Brahmanism • Scholars called the Vedic age religion Brahmanism • Brahmanism was a religion ruled by priests and rituals. • Their “sacred” knowledge gave the Brahmins great power and influence in Indian society • Only Brahmins, or priests from the highest caste, could perform rituals.
The Evolution of Hinduism • About 500 B.C. the ways of worship began to change. • Old gods became less important and some people began to doubt that carrying out the rituals perfectly was not as important. • They began asking questions like “Why are we born? How should we live? What happens when we die?
Upanishads • To answer the questions, Gurus left their homes and spent their days thinking and talking about religious ideas • Some were written down in the Upanishads
Upanishads • These writings introduced 2 core beliefs of Hinduism • The belief that there is 1 supreme God • Other gods are just different forms of this god • Every person is born with a soul that is part of Brahman • The soul is known as atman
Mahabharata and the Ramayana • These new ideas became two great epic poems, the Mahabharata and Ramayana • The Mahabharata and Ramayana explained Hindu religious ideas to all people and set the standard for how to live
Mahabharata • The Mahabharata contains over 100,000 stanzas making it the longest poem • The best loved section is the Bhagavad Gita or “Song of the Lord”
Four Goals of Life • Hindus believed that people are born wanting four basic things. • All four goals are desirable, but not all people achieve all of these goals in a lifetime.
4 Goals of Life: Pleasure • 1.Pleasure: People begin their lives by wanting pleasure • This may be very simple such as eating or a deeper pleasure such as falling in love or having a family
4 Goals of Life: SUccess • 2. Success: gaining fame, wealth, or power, or becoming important in the community
4 Goals of Life: Dharma The Bhagavad-Gita, says “it is better to do one’s own duty imperfectly than to do another's well.” • 3. Dharma: Hindus believed in living an ethical or moral life • They must fulfill the duties assigned to their caste to the best of their abilities • People who do not follow their proper dharma threaten the social order.
4 Goals of Life: Moksha • 4. Moksha is the release from life where a person’s soul is united with the universal soul • A persons soul, Atman, and the Brahman become one • They believed becoming one with god meant the end to suffering, pain, fear and want.
Hinduism Skits • You will be divided up into small groups • I will give you a traditional Hindu story which you need to read and then write a short skit to teach the rest of the class the message • Each group member must have a speaking part • Be sure to include all the characters • Each skit should only be about 3 min long…We will present these on Friday!
Title: Beliefs of Hinduism • Do Now: Create a compare/contrast diagram to show what you already know about Hinduism, we will add to this throughout the week. . We will complete the right half next week after we learn about Buddhism.
Objective • Students will understand the basic Hindu beliefs and how karma influenced their place in the religion Rewrite this on the left side of your notebook in your own words
Agenda • Do Now • Beliefs of Hinduism Lesson • Karma Project
Vocabulary • Reincarnation: the rebirth of a soul in a new body • Karma: the sum of a person’s actions and consequences, words and thoughts http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/religion/hinduism.htm
Reincarnation • Hindus believed that few people can achieve moksha in one lifetime • They also believed that when most people die, their souls are reborn in a new body • They can be reborn in a higher or lower class and can even be reborn as an animal or insect OR
The Bhagavad-Gita states “As a man discards Worn-out clothes To put on new And different one, So the embodied self (soul) Discards Its worn-out bodies To take on other new ones.”
Law of Karma • How a person is reborn is determined by the law of Karma • Hindus believed that bad karma would bring rebirth in a lower class • Good karma brought rebirth in a higher class • Based on your behavior, attitudes and thoughts, where do you think you would be reborn…higher or lower and why?
3 paths to god • Hinduism lays out 3 paths to moksha • They may choose to follow only one or up to 3 at a time • They would spend their entire life trying to reach moksha
3 Paths to God: Way of Knowledge • This was traditionally chosen by Brahmins • 1. Way of Knowledge: they must fully understand atman and Brahman
3 Paths to God: Way of Works • 2. Way of Works: carrying out religious rituals and duties which would improve their karma • This path was chosen most by Hindus • They offered prayers and food to the gods at temple ceremonies • They do good deeds without expecting anything in return • The Bhagavad-Gita says “he who does the tasks dictated by duty, caring nothing for the reward of the action”
3 Paths to God: Way of Devotion • Also known as the path of love • 3. Way of Devotion: People achieve moksha by devoting themselves to loving God • The Bhagavad-Gita suggests that the way of devotion is superior to the other ways • People on this path may repeat their god’s name all day long or present gifts at their god’s temple
Skit Practice • You need to finish writing your skit today. Use the rest of the time to practice. • For HOMEWORK: you need to practice your part so you don’t let the rest of your group down • You will be graded individually for this so you need to do your part
Title: Spread of Hinduism • Do Now • On this day in 1872, Yellowstone National Park was established. Write about one of the following: Your favorite camping, hiking or backpacking trip. Where you would like to go camping, hiking or backpacking
Objective • Students will understand the spread of Hinduism and how it became a major world religion • Rewrite this on the elft side of your notebook in your own words
Agenda • Do Now • Spread of Hinduism Lesson • Skit final practice • Skit presentation
Vocabulary • Pilgrim: someone who travels to a shrine or sacred place
How Hinduism Spread • Because the subcontinent of India is in a vast region, many people belonged to different ethnic groups • These ethnic groups all had their own language, rulers and religion • Still, most adopted Hinduism
The Growth of Hinduism in INdia • Hinduism is very flexible and easy to adapt • People did not have to give up their old deities or ways or worship • Instead, they would just add them on to the deities and rituals of Hinduism
Hindus also did not form organized groups or worship together • They prayed and made offerings at shrines in their homes or local temples • No matter where Indians went, they could easily carry the religion with them.
Hindu Sects • As Hinduism spread, different sects developed • Three Hindu sects attracted large numbers of followers and each followed a specific deity • Vishnu • Shiva • Shakti
Hinduism in Other parts of Asia • Over time, Hinduism spread • Indian merchants set up trading posts throughout Southeast Asia. Wherever they settled, Hindu priest traveled with them • Also, migrating people from northern India took Hinduism in to Nepal
Worldwide Hindu communities • Recently, Hinduism spread around the world and is practiced in about 150 countries
Legacy of HInduism • Hinduism today is the world’s third-largest religion • More than 800 million people follow its faith • However, India is still the spiritual and cultural center of Hinduism
Religious traditions • Hinduism has shaped Indian life • Placing flowers or food at a shrine is a daily ritual • Each year, the entire country takes part in Hindu religious festivals
Many rivers, mountains, rocks and forest are connected with legends of gods and gurus • The Ganges River is India’s holiest site • Each year thousands of pilgrims flock to the Ganges to bath in its waters • Some pilgrims believe the waters will wash away bad karma • Others believe it will heal diseases or a disability http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IXRup4_ZnAo
Intellectual traditions • Thinkers in ancient India asked questions about life and death that still concern Hindus today • Because the early Hindu texts were written in Sanskrit, that language became India’s first language of learning
Aesthetic traditions • Hindusim inspired India's’ first great works of literature • Today, people all over the world still read the Mahabharata and the Ramayana • These epic poems are retold in comic books and movies!
Hinduism also encouraged the development of arts • Hindu temples are designed around religious ideas • Detailed carvings of gods and goddesses decorate temple walls • Hindu temples are centers of art, music, and dance as well as places of worship.