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The Cardiovascular System

I. Introduction. The distribution of blood vessels around the body and back to the heart is a circuit, and the action of blood flowing in that circuit is circulation. Heart = pump; blood vessels = pipes Blood is the transport medium.. I. Introduction. Function: to transport oxygen and nutrients

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The Cardiovascular System

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    1. The Cardiovascular System J. Hinson EMS I Ridge View High School

    2. I. Introduction The distribution of blood vessels around the body and back to the heart is a circuit, and the action of blood flowing in that circuit is circulation. Heart = pump; blood vessels = pipes Blood is the transport medium.

    3. I. Introduction Function: to transport oxygen and nutrients to the body cells and remove wastes Because this system is essential to life, any interruption of the function of the heart or damage to the heart or blood vessels can be life-threatening!

    4. II. The Heart Anatomy 4-chambered, muscular organ located slight to the left within the thorax atria: upper receiving chambers ventricles: lower pumping chambers about the size of the fist surrounded by a fibrous covering called the pericardium valves: ensure blood flows in one direction Interventricular Septum: separates the R and L sides

    5. II. The Heart

    6. II. The Heart Cardiac Function Pulmonary Circuit: right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs and back for gas exchange Systemic Circuit: left side of the heart pumps blood to the body and back to take O2/nutrients to cells and pick-up wastes Because the left side pumps to a significantly larger area, the muscle on the left side of the heart is bigger and stronger and produces greater pressure.

    7. Pathways of Circulation

    8. II. The Heart Cardiac Function Pulse: Normal range: 60-80 bpm Blood Pressure: Normal range: <120/80

    9. II. The Heart Pathway of Blood Flow O2 poor blood returns from the body through the inferior and superior vena cava To the R atria through the tricuspid valve to the R ventricle Through the pulmonary valve and to the lungs O2 rich blood returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins To the L atria through the bicuspid (mitral) valve to the L ventricle Through the aortic valve and to the body

    11. II. Pathway of Blood through the Heart

    12. II. The Heart Electrophysiology automaticity: ability of the heart to generate its own electrical impulse allows for the efficient and orderly contractions of atria and ventricles Pathway of Conduction Sinoatrial (SA) Node: primary pacemaker of the heart in the upper right atria Atrioventricular (AV) Node: secondary pacemaker in lower R atria Bundle of His – bundle branches: conducting fibers that run through the septum Purkinje Fibers: conducting fibers that run through ventricles

    13. Cardiac Conduction

    14. II. The Heart

    15. III. The Blood Vessels Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart only exception is the pulmonary artery largest: aorta blood carried in the arteries is bright red and at high pressure; thus, pulse and BP are taken using arteries

    16. III. The Blood Vessels Capillaries tiny blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules thin enough to allow for gas exchange

    17. III. The Blood Vessels Veins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart only exception is the pulmonary vein largest: vena cava blood carried in the veins is deep red and at lower pressure than arteriole blood

    18. Some Common Blood Vessels

    19. Blood Vessels

    20. IV. The Blood About 4-6 L Perfusion: the circulating of blood to (and through) body tissues Functions carries oxygen/CO2 helps stabilize body temperature blood clotting pH regulation immunity

    21. IV. The Blood Primary Components Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells): carry oxygen via hemoglobin Leukocytes (White Blood Cells): help fight infections Thrombocytes (Platelets): fragments that aid in blood clotting Plasma: liquid blood component; primarily water

    22. IV. The Blood Hemostasis: the process of blood clotting to prevent blood loss Coagulation: the process of blood clumping

    23. IV. The Blood

    24. Bleeding Control After applying PPEs, use a sterile gauze to apply finger tip pressure (use flat part of fingers) directly on the point of bleeding. If no injury to the muscle or bone exists, elevation of a bleeding extremity may be used secondary to and in conjunction with direct pressure. Large gaping wounds may require sterile gauze and direct hand pressure if finger tip pressure fails to control bleeding. If bleeding soaks through gauze, add more.

    25. Bleeding Control Pressure points may be used in upper and lower extremities. DO NOT remove impaled items; apply sterile gauze around the object!

    26. Bleeding Control Skills Check Check the scene for safety. Get consent (if the patient is conscious; if unconscious, consent is implied). Apply appropriate PPE (i.e. gloves). Apply direct pressure using the fingertips and gauze. If bleeding persists, add more gauze and use a roller bandage to secure. If bleeding persists, elevate the extremity above the level of the heart (if it will not cause further pain/injury). If bleeding persists, use a pressure point. Dispose of soiled items in biohazard container. Handwash!

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