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South Asia Today

South Asia Today. What political, social, and economic developments are affecting South Asia today?. 3/13 Do Now: Why did Indians seek independence from the British? Aim: How did India gain independence from Great Britain? Objectives: You will be able to…

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South Asia Today

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  1. South Asia Today What political, social, and economic developments are affecting South Asia today?

  2. 3/13 • Do Now: Why did Indians seek independence from the British? • Aim:How did India gain independence from Great Britain? • Objectives: You will be able to… • Explain why Indians sought independence • Explain the methods Indians used to achieve independence • Explain the ideas and impact of Gandhi • Explain the causes and impact of partition • Agenda: Indian Nationalist Movt. PPT Review • “1947: The Birth of India and Pakistan” • Homework:Finish “1947: The Birth of India and Pakistan” article and questions

  3. Roots of the Indian Independence Movt. • Initially Indian organizations (INC and Muslim League) petitioned for self-rule • Indian demands increased after participation in WWI • Britain responded harshly to increased demands • Rowlatt Acts • Amritsar Massacre

  4. Gandhi and the Independence Movt. • Hindu lawyer who became a key leader in the independence movt. • Influenced by experiences of racism, Hinduism, Christianity and Thoreau • Believed in the power of nonviolence and civil disobedience • Satyagraha • Had broad appeal

  5. Gandhi’s Campaigns • Led protests, strikes, disobedience against unjust laws, and boycotts against British goods • Homespun Movement • Salt March • Quit India Campaign • British often responded with force • Brought international attention to India

  6. Growing Hindu-Muslim Conflict • Hindus and Muslims initially worked together towards independence but conflict grew in 1930s-1940s • Sources of conflict: • Religious differences • Economic differences • Muslim fear of Hindu domination • Hindu view of Muslims as foreign conquerors • British encouragment • Led to calls for separate nations

  7. Independence and Partition • Gandhi’s campaigns and WWII influenced Britain to grant India independence in 1947 • But when India gained independence, it was divided into 2 countries • Hindu-dominated India • Muslim-dominated Pakistan • Partition led to mass violence and migration • Tensions btwn India and Pakistan still exist today

  8. South Asia Then and Now

  9. 3/14 • Do Now: Who is Mohandas Gandhi? • Aim:How did Mohandas Gandhi help India achieve independence? • Objectives: You will be able to… • Explain why Indians sought independence • Explain the methods Indians used to achieve independence • Explain the causes and impact of partition • Evaluate the legacy of Gandhi • Agenda: A&E Biography: Gandhi • Gandhi Discussion • Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 9 Section 2

  10. 3/11 • Do Now: What led to the partition of India? • Aim:What political issues have affected India and Pakistan post-partition? • Objectives: You will be able to… • Describe the government structures of India and Pakistan • Explain what political developments have affected India and Pakistan post-independence • Explain the causes and effects of the conflict over Kashmir • Agenda: Overview of India and Pakistan Today • Kashmir Activity • Homework: Read and take notes on Chapter 9 Section 3/4

  11. India’s Government System • Federal system • Parliamentary democracy- • Has a president but prime minister is head of govt. • Bicamerial Parliament (legislature)- RajyaSabha (upper house) and LokSabha (lower house, more powerful) • Many political parties • Secular • Law code based on Britain’s

  12. Key Leaders in India’s Govt. • Jawaharal Nehru- 1947-1964 • Eased post-partition violence and refugee crisis • Led economic and educational development • Indira Gandhi (Nehru’s daughter)- 1966-1977, 1980-1984 • Continued modernization • Struggled with corruption and religious conflict • Led attack on Sikh militants at Golden Temple; later assassinated by her Sikh bodyguards • Rajiv Gandhi (Indira Gandhi’s son)- 1984-1989 • Assassinated by Tamil militants for supporting the Sri Lankan govt. against them • Dr. Manmohan Singh- 2004-Present

  13. Political Developments in India • Many forces have threatened India’s political unity and stability • Large, growing population • Great poverty and illiteracy • Caste system • Sikh separatism • Hindu-Muslim conflict • Corruption • Border conflicts • But India has remained intact because of many unifying forces • Hindu traditions • Modern communication • Strong leaders • Compromises with separatist groups • Commitment to democracy

  14. Pakistan’s Government • Originally included West Pakistan and East Pakistan, but East Pakistan (Bangladesh) gained independence in 1971 after civil war • Parliamentary democracy but has had long periods of military rule • Federal system • Law code influenced by sharia

  15. Political Developments in Pakistan • Key Leaders- • Muhammad Ali Jinnah (1947-1948) • Benazir Bhutto (1988-1990, 1993-1996) • Unified by Islam and its strong military • Political challenges- • Poverty and illiteracy • Weak democratic tradition • Islamic fundamentalism • Taliban • Tribal power • Corruption • Border conflict

  16. Comparing India and Pakistan India • Govt.- Parliamentary democracy, secular, stronger central govt. and democratic tradition • Culture- Mostly Hindu, but ethnic/religious tension w/minority groups • Economy- Growing, more advanced Pakistan • Govt.- Parliamentary democracy, sharia, weak central govt., strong military tradition • Culture- Muslim, but ethnic/tribal tension, conflict over fundamentalism • Economy- Weaker, more agricultural What are the major sources of conflict between the two nations?

  17. Political Conflict in South Asia • Largest source of political conflict in South Asia is conflict between India and Pakistan • Historical/religious tension • India helped Bangladesh gain independence • Continued fighting over Kashmir (fought wars in 1947, 1965, 1999) • Both have nuclear weapons

  18. Kashmir Activity • Read the background on the Kashmir conflict and the news article about recent developments in the conflict as a group. • Work with your group to answer your assigned questions and be ready to explain them to the class. • Remember that everyone is answering questions 6 and 7.

  19. Kashmir Discussion Questions • Do you think the conflict over Kashmir could cause India and/or Pakistan to use their nuclear weapons? • Do you think Kashmiri separatists should use nonviolent resistance to achieve their goals? • Do you think the UN should be involved in the conflict? The US? If so, how? • What do you think should happen to Kashmir- should it remain divided, become part of India, become part of Pakistan, or become independent? Which option do you think is most likely?

  20. 3/14 • Do Now: Reading Quiz • Aim:What are the causes and effects of India’s economic rise? • Objectives: You will be able to… • Describe India’s post-independence economic goals • Explain how India’s agriculture and industry have improved • Explain the effects of economic changes on Indian society • Explain the economic challenges facing India today • Agenda:India’s Economy Update PPT • “India at a Crossroads” ? • Homework: Use the CIA World Factbook to find the statistics on your assigned country

  21. India’s Economy After Independence • British imperialism left India poor, undeveloped and dependent on imported manufactured goods • Goal- make India self-sufficient • Methods- • 1947-1970s- Nehru and others used socialism- govt. took control of key industries, limited foreign investment, and allowed private ownership of smaller businesses • 1980s-1990s- Rajiv Gandhi and others reduced govt. regulation and encouraged private and foreign enterprise • Today- mixed economy

  22. India’s Industrial Growth • Has experienced great industrial growth by increasing its mining of natural resources and using them to manufacturing goods • Many service jobs are outsourced to India b/c of large educated, English-speaking population • Key Industries Today: • Telecommunications • Textiles • Chemicals • Steel • Mining • Machinery • Pharmaceuticals • Information-based services

  23. India’s Agricultural Growth • Farm output dramatically increased in the Green Revolution through • Govt. sponsored irrigation systems that made farmers less dependent on monsoons, less susceptible to floods, and able to plant a 2nd crop • Use of high yield varieties of rice and wheat • But many farmers cannot afford to purchase their own land or water, new seeds, fertilizers or machinery for the land they work • Most Indians are still subsistence farmers

  24. Changes in Indian Patterns of Life • Economic growth has improved standard of living and caused social changes • Indians increasingly have greater access to electricity, clean water, phones, Internet, modern transportation, education and health care • Caste still affects life but urbanization has weakened it in some areas • Marriage occurs at older ages but most are still arranged by families • Gender equality has increased but some still view women as subordinate • Religion still affects lives of most Indians

  25. Indian Cities vs. Villages 30% live in cities 40+ cities with over a million people- largest are Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta Experiencing great growth Home of growing middle class Densely populated with congestion, noise, and great inequities Not heavily influenced by caste 70% live in villages Over 500,000 villages, most are small but dense Complex social structure- one or two castes control the land have power Most villagers work in agriculture Interdependence of residents More likely to lack improved water source and modern sanitation

  26. India’s Economic and Social Challenges • India is the 4th largest economy in the world and is rapidly growing and improving, but faces great challenges • Urbanization • Access to clean water and sanitation • Great gap between wealthy and poor • Malnourishment and poverty • Educational inequality • Pollution • Growing consumption • Corruption • Violence against women

  27. 3/14 • Do Now: What are India and Pakistan like today? (Think about the nations’ govt., economy, culture, and challenges) • Aim:What similarities and differences exist among the nations of South Asia today? • Objectives: You will be able to… • Describe the general political, economic, and social issues affecting South Asia today • Compare and contrast the governments, people, and economies of the various countries of South Asia • Agenda: Overview of Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan • Country Comparison Group Work • Homework: Chapter 9 test Thursday

  28. Sri Lanka Nepal Bhutan South Asian Nations India Pakistan Bangladesh

  29. Bangladesh • Gained independence from Pakistan in 1971 • Had little in common with Pakistan and felt dominated by it • Once ruled by military but now a parliamentary democracy • Natural disasters and population density limit progress

  30. Sri Lanka • Changed name from Ceylon in 1972 • Mix of presidential and parliamentary system • Divisions between Sinhalese majority (Buddhist) and Tamil minority (Hindu) led to civil war from 1983-2009 • Sri Lankan govt. remained in control

  31. Himalayan Nations- Nepal and Bhutan • Nepal • In transition from a monarchy to a democratic republic • Mostly Hindu • Geography a challenge for development • Bhutan • Constitutional monarchy • Mostly Buddhist • Geography a challenge for development

  32. 3/18 • Do Now: How much gender equality is there in the United States? • Aim:How is gender inequality and violence against women a problem in India today? • Objectives: You will be able to… • Describe differences between men and women in educational attainment, economic opportunity, and political representation • Explain how the December rape case has affected India • Agenda: • Homework: Chapter 9 test Thursday

  33. http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=50141368n

  34. India’s Economy Today • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BqyGaT0RCt0 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=le1HRAFduFk

  35. South Asia Under British Rule

  36. Identify the nation (and its capital) represented by the number and the body of water represented by the letter A 4 1 5 B 6 C 2 D 3

  37. South Asia Then and Now

  38. Border Conflicts in South Asia

  39. Political Conflict in South Asia • Largest source of political conflict in South Asia is conflict between India and Pakistan • India helped Bangladesh gain independence • Continued fighting over resource-rich region of Kashmir (fought wars in 1947, 1965, 1999) • Both have nuclear weapons

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