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EUROPE

EUROPE. CHAPTERS 12-14. Major historic events. Black Death. -1328 -1351 -Bubonic plague spreads throughout Europe -Killed 1/3 of population – 25 million people -Spread by infected fleas, carried by rats -Followed all major trade routes - Symptoms

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EUROPE

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  1. EUROPE CHAPTERS 12-14

  2. Major historic events

  3. Black Death -1328 -1351 -Bubonic plague spreads throughout Europe -Killed 1/3 of population – 25 million people -Spread by infected fleas, carried by rats -Followed all major trade routes -Symptoms • Fever, buboes, sleepiness, vomiting, bleeding from lungs • Most died in 2-4 days

  4. Consequences • Prices and wages rose • Farming changes from crops to pasture animals • Boost in cloth and woolen industries • Migration into towns • Led to Reformation in Europe

  5. Reformation • Catholic beliefs and practices were questioned • Martin Luther and the 95 theses • Johann Tetzel and indulgences • Divided Christians and reshaped political and religious values • The Pope’s authority was challenged • Kings gained absolute control over their kingdoms

  6. Renaissance • Movement to create and appreciate art, music, literature and culture • Michelangelo –sculpture of David, ceiling of Sistine Chapel • Leonardo da Vinci – painter, sculptor, architect, mathematician, engineer, scientist • Galileo, Brahe, Kepler – astronomers • Medici family of Florence – patrons of the arts

  7. French Revolution • Caused by a revolt due to an economic crisis • Estates General • Tennis Court oath • King Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette were arrested • Bastille attacked on July 14, 1791 • Reign of Terror – led by Robespierre; 18,000 put to death by the guillotine • King and queen were executed

  8. Napoleon Bonaparte • Rose from soldier to emperor • Re-established French aristocracy • Attacked Russia in 1812 with devastating effects on his troops; only 27,000 of 600,000 returned alive • Exiled to Elba in 1814 • Escaped and took over the French army again • Lost battle of Waterloo against British and was exiled again

  9. World War I • Sparked by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of the Austro-Hungarian empire in 1914 • Nationalism was on the rise • Many countries drawn in due to alliances with other countries • Trench warfare • First use of airplanes, tanks, flame throwers and noxious gasses (chlorine and mustard)

  10. Allies eventually prevailed in 1918 • Armistice signed on November 11, 1918 at 11 a.m. • Treaty of Versailles put blame and repayment of war on Germany • Conditions of treaty drove Germany into massive economic depression • Led to rise of Hitler and Nazi party

  11. World War II • Begins in 1939 after Adolf Hitler rises to power • Lebensraum • Invades Poland with “blitzkreig” • Axis powers – Germany, Italy, Japan • Allied powers – Britain, France and U.S. • D-Day – June 6, 1944 – largest invasion in history • Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945 • War in Europe ends May 7, 1945

  12. Holocaust • Systematic killing of 6 million Jewish people, who Hitler blamed as cause of Germany’s problems • Jews were believed inferior to Aryan race • Also additional 6 million Gypsies, homosexuals, mentally disabled, physically disabled, political opponents were killed • Concentration camps • Death camps

  13. Physical geography

  14. Mountains • Alps – largest mountain chain in Europe; famous for mountain climbing and skiing • Urals – divide Europe and Asia continents • Mount Olympus – Greece – home of the 12 gods led by Zeus in Greek mythology • Mount Etna – worlds largest active volcano; northern Sicily, 10,900 ft. • Mount Vesuvius – southern Italy; in 79 A.D. erupted and covered Pompeii

  15. Europe is also home to several other major mountain ranges such as the Apennines, Pyrenees, Kjolen, Caucasus and Balkans

  16. Major rivers • Rhine – flows 820 miles northwest from Switzerland to North sea through Germany, France and the Netherlands • Danube – 1771 miles long; central Europe’s most significant commercial waterway • Seine – France’s major river; flows into the English Channel; 37 bridges span across it in Paris alone

  17. The River Thames – pronounced “Timms”; longest river in England at 215 miles; prominent subject in literature, art, music and poetry • Volga – Europe’s longest river at 2294 miles; also largest river in Europe; symbolic meaning to Russian culture

  18. Famous landmarks

  19. Arc de Triomphe – France 1806

  20. Leaning Tower of Pisa – Italy1125-1329

  21. Eiffel Tower 1889

  22. Cologne Cathedral Construction began in 1248 Finally completed in 1880

  23. Stonehenge – circa 3000 b.c.e.

  24. Big Ben

  25. Westminster palace

  26. Tower of London 1078

  27. Buckingham Palace - England

  28. Windsor Castle - England

  29. Alcazar Castle in Spain – built in 1122

  30. Heidelberg Castle - Germany

  31. Karlstejn Castle built in 1348 Czech Republic

  32. Neuschwanstein Castle - Germany Home of Mad King Ludwig - 1867 Inspiration for Disney’s Sleeping Beauty castle

  33. View from Neuschwanstein castle

  34. Renaissance art

  35. Leonardo Da Vinci Mona Lisa 1519

  36. Da Vinci’s Last Supper -1495

  37. Sistine Chapel

  38. Sistine Chapel

  39. Michelangelo’s David - 1504

  40. Michelangelo’s Pieta - 1499

  41. D-Day June 6, 1944

  42. D-Day June 6, 1944

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