INTRODUCTION TO NONFICTION

1. INTRODUCTION TO NONFICTION A Multi-Cultural Journey

2. WHAT IS NONFICTION? • The subjects of nonfiction are real people, and the events are actual happenings. • Nonfiction can tell a true story, explain an idea, and give facts and information. (Notes)

3. Biography The life story of someone written by another. Autobiography A writer’s own life story. Newspaper a paper that is printed and distributed usually daily or weekly and that contains news, articles of opinion, features, and advertising Magazine Article a periodical containing miscellaneous pieces (as articles, stories, poems) and often illustrated TYPES OF NONFICTION

4. Expository essay Explains and informs Personal essay A informal account of a person’s experiences. Reflective essay Reveals the writer’s thoughts and an idea or experience Narrative essay A true story that may focus on a character other than the writer. Persuasive essay Presents an argument for or attempts to convince readers of this position. TYPES OF NONFICTION

5. Argument/Persuasive Writing Cause and Effect Chronological Order Classification and Definition Comparison and Contrast Connotation and Denotation Editorial Fact and Opinion Interview Lead Main Idea Problem and Solution Propaganda Techniques Topic Sentence and Supporting Details Viewpoint ELEMENTS OF NONFICTION

6. Learn, Think, Create, Learn… • Create a foldable to assist in learning the types and elements of nonfiction. • This will help you learn these terms for an upcoming quiz.

7. WHY READ NONFICTION? Nonfiction tell about real characters and events or contains personal views of a real person. People read nonfiction to: • Be informed • Learn about others • To reflect on someone else’s thoughts, concerns, or position on a particular subject

8. Use organization Chronological Order of importance Spatial order Understand author’s purpose To amuse, persuade, inform Distinguish between fact and opinion Can a statement be proven true? Is it a personal belief? Is it supported by factual evidence? Evaluate Support Learn to evaluate support for bias and stereotypes HOW TO READ NONFICTION (Notes--bolded and 3 types of Organization)

9. 5 W’s Graphic OrganizerGathers key information about a subject in order to learn more about it.

10. Main Idea OrganizerHelps you sort out the big ideas and the smaller details. This tool works best with nonfiction, such as biography, magazine articles, persuasive writing, and textbooks. Main Idea: Write what you think is the biggest, most important idea here. Detail Detail Detail Write details here. Write details here. Write details here. Conclusion: Write the conclusion the author makes.

11. Nonfiction OrganizerHelps you sort out what you learn in essays, articles, speeches, editorials, and so on. It divides these nonfiction works into three parts: introduction, body, conclusion. SubjectWrite the general subject here. IntroductionDescribe the ideas in the first one or two paragraphs here. Body Write three or four details, points, or topics from the middle here. ConclusionNote what happens or what the author says in the last paragraph or two here.

12. OutlineA outline helps you understand the organization of what you are reading. Use words or phrases (topic outline) or full sentence (sentence outline) to sort out main ideas, topics, and subtopics. I. Main Topic 1 A. Subtopic B. Subtopic C. Subtopic II. Main Topic 2 A. Subtopic B. Subtopic C. Subtopic First, find the two, three, or four main topics and write them next to the Roman Numerals. Under each main topic, write two or more subtopics.

13. Summary NotesSummary notes help you focus on the most important parts of what you are reading, whether it is fiction or nonfiction. Make your summary as detailed as you want. Title or TopicWrite the title or topic here. Main PointWrite what the main point or idea here. 1. 2. 3. 4. List three or four smaller, related points that support the main idea here.

14. EVALUATING SUPPORT • An author’s message should be backed up with support (details and examples) • SOME support may be inaccurate because of bias and stereotypes, THUS prohibiting the reader to get the true picture. • Bias -A preconceived attitude towards an idea, thing, person, group, or situation • Stereotyping -Using one individual or a small group as the representation of the whole group (Notes--2 definitions)

15. Male Stereotypes Female Stereotypes STEREOTYPES: MEN VS. WOMEN Create graphic organizer in black composition book. List at least 5 examples in each column.

16. STEREOTYPES: MEN VS. WOMEN How could bias create stereotypes towards different genders, groups, races, nationalities, or religions? Answer in a well-written five to seven sentence paragraph. We will share as time permits.

17. Barrio Boy I Am a Native of North AmericaAll Together Now

18. VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT DESOLATE MORTALITY FORMIDABLE COMMUNAL TOLERANT Discuss definitions on page 517

19. Barrio Boy • Barrio Boy is a personal and reflective essay. In it, author Ernesto Galarza shares both his past and his feelings of what he is recalling.

20. Barrio Boy: Review and Assess • Answers will vary • (a.) Ernesto goes to Lincoln School for the first time to enroll in first grade. (b.) Ernesto does not understand English, so he does not know what Miss Hopley is saying to him. • (a.) Ernesto is suspicious of tall, energetic teachers who loom over students. (b.) He means that Miss Ryan understands the difficulties the children are having and that use uses her knowledge to lend her support to them. • (a.) Miss Ryan gives Ernesto support, help, encouragement, and she applauds his successes. (b.)In the first grade, Ernesto learned tolerance, acceptance, trust, and the value of hard work. He also began to build his academic skills which would carry him through life. • (a.) The people of Lincoln School help Galarza remain proud of his Mexican heritage while introducing him to American. (b.) Answers will vary

21. Barrio Boy: Response to Literature What is the main point author Ernesto Galarza uses in Barrio Boy in the passage that begins, “During the next few weeks Miss Ryan overcame my fears…” and how does he express this point? --------------------------------------------------------- HOW DO WE BEGIN TO ANSWER THIS QUESTION?

22. Barrio Boy: Response to Literature • Brainstorm by creating a graphic organizer • Search the text for facts, examples, and evidence • Fill in the graphic organizer • Translate your thoughts into sentences and paragraphs

23. What is the main point author Ernesto Galarza uses in Barrio Boy in the passage that begins, “During the next few weeks Miss Ryan overcame my fears…” and how does he express this point? Create this graphic organizer

24. What is the main point author Ernesto Galarza uses in Barrio Boy in the passage that begins, “During the next few weeks Miss Ryan overcame my fears…” and how does he express this point?

25. What is the main point author Ernesto Galarza uses in Barrio Boy in the passage that begins, “During the next few weeks Miss Ryan overcame my fears…” and how does he express this point?

26. What is the main point author Ernesto Galarza uses in Barrio Boy in the passage that begins, “During the next few weeks Miss Ryan overcame my fears…” and how does he express this point?

27. NONFICTION ESSAYS Creating a More Harmonious World

28. I Am a Native of North America • In this essay, author Chief Dan George recalls the traditional ways of life of his people. He questions certain contemporary values and choices and sadly anticipates the eventual vanishing of his culture. He pleads for love and tolerance as the only hope for a peaceful future. • http://digitaldrum.ca/en/node/124

29. All Together Now • In this persuasive essay,Barbara Jordan, addressing the Democratic national Convention in 1992, shares her views on the state of race relations in America. • http://www.hulu.com/watch/60256/a-celebration-of-womens-history-barbara-jordan-a-life-in-politics